Non-disclosure agreement

Limited Liability Company  «XXX » (address), represented by its Director Name Name, and hereinafter referred to as â€Å"COMPANY†, on the one hand, and _ (address)___, hereinafter referred to as â€Å"EMPLOYEE†, have concluded this Agreement upon the following: – 1. Subject. The Agreement is concluded in order to prevent the unauthorized disclosure of Confidential Information as defined below. The parties agree and acknowledge entering into a confidential relationship with respect to the disclosure of certain proprietary and confidential information (hereinafter termed as â€Å"Confidential Information†).   This Agreement shall govern the conditions of disclosure. 2. Definition of Confidential Information. For purposes of this Agreement, â€Å"Confidential Information† shall include all technical information, business information or material that has or could have commercial value or other utility in the business in which the COMPANY is engaged. It includes all methods, processes, formulae, systems, techniques, inventions, patents, trade secretes, computer programs, research projects, business methods, financial data, etc. Confidential Information may be in form of electronic documents and files, physical documents and oral communications. If Confidential Information is transmitted orally, the COMPANY shall indicate in writing that such communication be constituted as Confidential Information. Confidential information also includes any written works, which were produced by the EMPLOYEE at the COMPANY’s demand.   The COMPANY shall label or stamp all written documents with the wording â€Å"CONFIDENTIAL†, acting as an indicator. 3. Exclusions from Confidential Information. EMPLOYEE’s obligations under this Agreement does not extend to information that is: (a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Publicly known at the time of disclosure, or subsequently becomes publicly known through no fault of the EMPLOYEE; (b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Learned by the EMPLOYEE through legitimate means other than from the COMPANY or COMPANY’s representatives; (c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is disclosed by COMPANY with COMPANY’s prior written approval; or (d)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is produced by the EMPLOYEE before the COMPANY actually discloses it to the EMPLOYEE. 4. Obligations of EMPLOYEE. EMPLOYEE shall hold and maintain the Confidential Information in strictest confidence, for the sole and exclusive benefit of the COMPANY.   EMPLOYEE shall carefully restrict access to Confidential Information to other employees, contractors and third parties as is reasonably required and shall require those persons to sign nondisclosure restrictions at least as protective as those in this Agreement. EMPLOYEE shall not, without prior written approval of COMPANY, use for EMPLOYEE’s own benefit, publish, copy, or otherwise disclose to others, or permit the use by others for their personal benefit or to the detriment of COMPANY, any Confidential Information. EMPLOYEE shall return to COMPANY any and all records, notes, and other written, printed, or tangible materials in its possession pertaining to Confidential Information immediately, if the COMPANY requests it in writing.   EMPLOYEE shall return to the COMPANY all material and documents that contain Confidential Information, and shall not retain any of these copies.   EMPLOYEES shall not disclose CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION to future employers or use it themselves, at any time even after termination. 5. Relationships. Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to constitute either party a partner, joint venturer or employee of the other party for any purpose. 6. Severability. If a court finds any provision of this Agreement invalid or unenforceable, the remainder of this Agreement shall be valid and interpreted so as best to effect the intent of the parties. 7. Integration. This Agreement expresses the complete understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter and supersedes all prior proposals, agreements, representations, and understandings. This Agreement may not be amended except in a writing signed by both parties. 8. Waiver. The failure to exercise any right provided in this Agreement shall not be a waiver of prior or subsequent rights.   COMPANY will be entitled to obtain an injunction to ensure that no infringement of this Agreement occurs. This Agreement and each party’s obligations shall be binding on the representatives, assigns and successors in interest of such party. Each party has signed this Agreement in WITNESS. ________________________________________ (EMPLOYEE’S Signature) ________________________________________ (Typed or Printed Name) Date: _____________________ ________________________________________ (COMPANY’S Signature) ________________________________________ (Typed or Printed Name) Date: _________________ ______________________________________________ (Witness 1 Signature) ________________________________________ (Typed or Printed Name) Date: _________________ ______________________________________________ (Witness 2 Signature) ________________________________________ (Typed or Printed Name)    Date: _________________ References: http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ/Ya&sdn=inventors&cdn=money&tm=347&gps=197_10_588_283&f=00&tt=14&bt=1&bts=1&zu=http%3A//www.inventnet.com/nondisclosure.html http://www.inventionconvention.com/ncio/inventing101/003.html http://www.ilrg.com/forms/non-disc.html http://www.score.org/downloads/NonDisclosureAgreement.pdf   

International Journal and Communication Technology Research

Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012 ISSN 2223-4985 International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research  ©2012 ICT Journal. All rights reserved http://www. esjournals. org Cloud Computing for Academic Environment Ajith Singh. N1, M. Hemalatha2 2 Department of Computer Science, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India Department of Software Systems & Research, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, India 1 ABSTRACT In traditional computing, we install software programs on system (computer) update the hardware as per our requirements.Documents we create or save are stored in our computer. Documents are accessible on our own network, but they can’t be accessed by computers outside the network. Using of cloud computing, the software programs aren’t run from one’s personal computer, but are rather stored on servers accessed via the Internet. Cloud Computing provides resources and capabilities of Information Technology (e. g. , applications, storages, communi cation, collaboration, infrastructure) via services offered by CSP (cloud service provider).Cloud Computing has various characteristics as shared infrastructure, self-service, pay-per use model, dynamic and virtualized, elastic and scalable. Cloud computing in academic environment will be benefitted by every student and staff where lots of collaboration and safety of data is needed in academic. Academic has various departments and many semesters where lots of students need to access the computing a need for highly available up-to-date software and hardware is must. Cloud computing has the capacity of scaling and elasticity which is perfect for such an environment.Keywords: Cloud Computing, Web service, Virtualization, Grid Computing, Virtual Computing Lab, higher education institutions I. INTRODUCTION Cloud computing growth has taken all the attention of various communities like researches, student, business, consumer and government organization. Big data is the main reason for comi ng of cloud computing in the show, everyday lots of data in the size of PETA bytes are uploaded in the digital world which required lots of storage and computing resources.Cloud Computing is a marketing term which is also known as utility computing deliver the service as software, platform and infrastructure as a service in pay-as-you-go model to consumers. Berkeley report says on this services as â€Å"Cloud computing, the long held dream of computing as a utility, has the potential to transform a large part of the IT industry, making software even more attractive as a service. Education has been gradually expanded, and the education object has slowly turned to social staff.The teaching method from black board to online is growing fast than ever. An online tutor which helps has to take class in any hour is an advance of learning using technology. E-learning and online solution is what we required in education environment. With the increasing number in receiving education, a series of new problems have emerged. For example: As teaching methods change, the existing teaching-learning methods cannot meet demand; and with the constant expansion of education, the existing teaching facilities also need to constantly update.When Cloud Computing appears, it provides a new solution to establish a unified, open and flexible network teaching platform and reduce the hardware input [10]. Internet is the resource where we can transform cloud computing, it can deliver the most advanced software and educational materials, hardware resources and services to students and educators in even the most impoverished or remote school districts in the state, without the need for advanced IT expertise at those locations. At the same point, it does more for significantly less, providing needed relief for currently strained education budgets [12].IT companies are eager to encourage educational adoption of cloud computing; for example, Google Apps for Education Suite comprises Google Mail , Calendar, Talk, Docs, Sites and Video with zero cost and without advertisements [1], According to a Forrester cost analysis [9], Google Apps is more effective than a Microsoft Exchange e-mail. Based on CSU research, the costs of software licensing, server hardware and staffing to support 50,000 users by using Microsoft Exchange e-mail (the number of undergraduate e-mail accounts at CSU) would be $9,774,000 per year [2].The cost of Google Apps for businesses is $50 per user per year, or with 50,000 users, $2,500,000 per year. The cost of Google Apps Education Edition, however, is $0 per year [2]. As we can see from this example, the industrial cloud computing solution for the educational institution already gave an estimated savings from about $9,774,000 per year to $2,500,000 per year in the â€Å"businesses version† or to zero cost of licensing and equipment in the â€Å"educational version†.Taking into account the last two examples, we can see that both approaches, industrial (or commercial) and non-commercial cloud computing solutions can be successfully employed within educational institutions and another example, IBM launched IBM Cloud Academy that 97 Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012 ISSN 2223-4985 International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research  ©2012 ICT Journal. All rights reserved http://www. esjournals. org s provide a global forum for educators, researchers and IT professionals from education industry to pursue cloud computing initiatives, develop skill and share best practices for reducing operating costs while improving quality and access to education. In this way users do not need to buy a server, only need to purchase related â€Å"services† can create an efficient network teaching platform [10]. Using of cloud computing in academicians in universities are not aware of benefits and characteristic of minimizing the cost of cloud computing.From an ITmanagement view, it radically reduces resource man agement costs —including electric power, cooling and system management personnel, while driving up the utilization of servers and software licenses, which in turn reduces purchasing requirements [12]. Lab Problem The maintenance of dozens of computers in the labs becomes a burden for the system administrator. This paper proposed diskless cluster computing environment in a computer classroom and the development of teaching network management system in computer classroom.In this paper we discuss the â€Å"Cloud Computing† paradigm and characteristics, service and deployment models, implementations of cloud services at universities, and various opportunities and benefits of Cloud Computing for universities & academic institutions. Finally, we suggest a design prototype of Cloud Computing for Academic Environment. IV. Benefits of Cloud Computing †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Reduced implementation and maintenance costs Increased mobility for a glo bal workforce Flexible and scalable infrastructures Quick time to market IT department transformation (focus on innovation vs.Maintenance and implementation) â€Å"Greening† of the data center Increased availability of high-performance applications to small/medium-sized businesses [3] Cloud Computing II. RELATED WORKS Invent of Internet changes the way we use of computer. From mail to shopping we all depend on this huge group of network computer. Cloud computing has entirely changes what the internet means. Powerful of desktop application is available on net and storage is available online wherever we go from any device. ELearning and web 2. 0 learning totally changes of education system.Teacher and student work together in online project not in school or colleges but from home also. Teaching has never been easy without cloud computing [10]. Definitions of cloud is defined by many expert, but the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) definition is a generally accepted standard: â€Å"Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (such as networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. 4 More simply, a cloud can be considered to be a collection of hardware, software and other resources that can be accessed over the Internet, and used to assemble a solution on demand (that is, at the time of the request) to provide a set of services back to the requester. When analyzed the definitions, there is a consensus on few key points; (1) Cloud Computing ensure on-demand access to a pool of computing resources, (2) dynamically scalable services, (3) device and media independency, and (4) easier maintenance of applications due to do not need to be installed on users’ computers.Cloud computing should be elasticity and scalability. Figure (1) [5], adapted [4] shows six phases of computing paradigms, from dummy terminals/mainframes, to PCs, networking computing, to grid and cloud computing. In phase 1, many users shared powerful mainframes using dummy terminals. In phase 2, stand-alone PCs became powerful enough to meet the majority of users’ needs. In phase 3, PCs, laptops, and servers were connected together through local networks to share resources and increase performance.In phase 4, local networks were connected to other local networks forming a global network such as the Internet to utilize remote applications and resources. In phase 5, grid computing provided shared computing power and storage through a distributed computing. III. PURPOSE OF RESEARCH Students’ learning is no longer confined within the classroom in the era of e-learning 2. 0[11]. The environment of IT education could be improved to let student access learning resources anywhere. IGNOU (Indira Gandhi national Open University) is the good exa mple of e-learning.The free software can be adopted for constructing the cloud computing service for the environment of IT like OpenOffice. org such as word processing, spreadsheets, and presentations. Only a browser is needed for students to connect to the cloud computing service for learning. 98 Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012 ISSN 2223-4985 International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research  ©2012 ICT Journal. All rights reserved http://www. esjournals. org Figure 2. Cloud computing service models VI. CLOUDS COMPUTING IN UNIVERSITIESA Cloud-computing service that will let universities and colleges build custom private clouds that can be integrated into public cloud services [10]. Three main factors interests in Cloud Computing: 1) rapid decrease in hardware cost and increase in computing power and storage capacity, and the advent of multi-core architecture and modern supercomputers consisting of hundreds of thousands of cores; 2) the exponentially growing data size in scientific instrumentation/simulation and Internet publishing and archiving; and 3) the widespread adoption of Services Computing and Web 2. applications. For example, a university student taking a college math course could access a cloud from his or her door room, to obtain a physical or virtual server (with the necessary storage) and a copy of Maple or MATLAB software running on it to use for homework or a class project. Likewise, an elementary school teacher could access the same cloud to request one virtual machine for each of his or her students running Mathmedia software, as part of his or her classroom instructional activities [12]. Figure 1. Six computing paradigms Image source: smart-cloud-computing. logspot. com V. CLOUD PLATFORMS AND SERVICE DEPLOYMENT MODELS A. Essential Cloud Characteristics ? On-demand self-service ? Broad network access ? Resource pooling ? Location independence ? Rapid elasticity ? Measured service B. Cloud Service Models ? Software as a Service (SaaS) ? Use provider’s applications over a network ? Platform as a Service (PaaS) ? Deploy customer-created applications to a cloud ? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) ? Rent processing, storage, network capacity C. Cloud Deployment Models ? Public-Sold to the public, mega-scale infrastructure ?Private-enterprise owned or leased ? Hybrid-composition of two or more clouds ? Community-shared infrastructure for specific community VII. PRIVATE CLOUD FOR UNIVERSITIES Private cloud (also called internal cloud or corporate cloud) is a marketing term for a proprietary computing architecture that provides hosted services to a limited number of people behind a firewall. Advances in virtualization and distributed computing have allowed corporate network and datacenter administrators to effectively become service providers that meet the needs of their â€Å"customers† within the corporation.Marketing media that uses the words â€Å"private cloud† is designed to a ppeal to an organization that needs or wants more control over their data than they can get by using a third-party hosted service such as Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) or Simple Storage Service 99 Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012 ISSN 2223-4985 International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research  ©2012 ICT Journal. All rights reserved http://www. esjournals. org (S3) [6]. Fig. 3 Represent the private cloud of an organization. be enabling on university campus to safeguard of student, staff, and lecture data. Business Applications Figure 3: Example of Private cloud in organizations Hosted in the cloud are probably the most promising cloud service and the most interesting topic for computer science education because it can give businesses the option to pay as they go while providing the big-impact benefit of the latest technology advancements [7]. The involvement of students in such type of projects with real customers is mutually beneficial to students, fa culty and businesses. †¢ Personal Productivity Applications VIII. PROPOSED EDUCATIONAL CLOUD INFRASTRUCTER PROTOTYPEDesign of Cloud Infrastructure needed the following service and application †¢ Collaboration Application Moving email and PIM (personal information manager) to managed service providers. IDC says that 67 percent of survey respondents believe collaboration applications such as email, chat, conferencing and collaborative file sharing solutions such as SharePoint are a great fit for the cloud because they reduce costs in the short term [7]. For collaboration application GMAIL apps come in handy without any charges. For our International conference I have uploaded spreadsheet for collaboration work here any person involves in maintaining the office work is done online. †¢ Web Serving CIchannelinsider. com predicts that hosted mobile applications through carriers and mobile software providers as well as document-editing applications like those from DataViz an d Quick office are also expected to gain traction [7]. Mobile phone is widely used among student and staff application or service develop in university campus can be used in mobile device also which means every time we are connected to university campus. A university mini Facebook would be a great deal to share and update news among the student and staff.IX. SUGGESTED ACADEMIC ENVIRONEMNT CLOUD Moving web servers, management and analytic tools to the cloud is also at the top of the prioritized list, because this will reduce maintenance costs and reliance on subscription models as well as improve rapidness of deployment [7]. Cloud Sever is the key part of the computing platform to ensure its scalability. All the resource can be store at this cloud server which includes online videos, audios, pictures, and course wares etc. This web server infrastructure in cloud computing can share resources for educational and research purposes. Cloud Backup Some companies like Asigra are moving dis aster recovery and back-up to the cloud. As IDC says, in spite of cloud security concerns, 60 percent of enterprises are still considering moving back-up off-site to the cloud to protect against natural disasters, IT mishaps, power outages and other unforeseen catastrophic events [7]. Drop Box is a free service to take back up of our data in cloud environment it enable synchronize with any device wherever drop box is install. A cloud backup service can The study aims to suggest a cloud environment for academic purposes.Academic environment is where lots of computer is uses and many of them are not in use which lead to malfunction of computer and maintenance is highly complicated due to lack of staff. The propose cloud computing environment will be of storage infrastructure, development platform, and software delivering. Changing of hardware resources and lots of storage capacity is required in academic environment computing lab [11]. Many universities and colleges started using thin client technology to reduce the cost but thin client is not suitable for high performance computing.Office applications, programming language, and multimedia developing courses are not only for IT department but too many departments also. Also every year, the new versions of applications were used for courses with respect to the needs of industry. As a natural result of this progress, new software cause new hardware costs [11]. Installing and maintaining will be free from everyone. Whenever any new software appears many of hardware don’t support and everyday many bytes of storage are required where loss of data is very high due to improper handling of computer by many student. Student mistakenly or unknowingly deletes other data.By using cloud computing in academic environment collaboration among the staff and student will be more like using Google docs or any other private 100 Volume 2 No. 2, February 2012 ISSN 2223-4985 International Journal of Information and Communicatio n Technology Research  ©2012 ICT Journal. All rights reserved http://www. esjournals. org collaboration design on office 635. Cloud Computing will be of great help. By giving a virtual machine to everyone and a secure password student and staff will work on their own virtual machine and if anything happens will only crash the virtual machine not the entire system.Below Fig. 4 represents the proposed cloud computing for academic environment. By this way, lecturers will focus their basic tasks and not lose their workforce. With this cloud computing environment student can work from their lab as well from home. Where there data and application will be available always. [2] Dan R. Herrick. 2009. Google this! : using Google apps for collaboration and productivity. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGUCCS fall conference on User services conference (SIGUCCS '09). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 55-64. DOI=10. 1145/1629501. 1629513 http://doi. acm. rg/10. 1145/1629501. 1629513 [3] Rittinghouse,J. W. , & Ransome,J. F. (2010). Cloud Computing Implementation, Management, and Security. New York: Taylor and Francis Group. [4] http://www. cmlab. csie. ntu. edu. tw/~jimmychad/CN20 11/Readings/CloudComputingNewWine. pdf [5] Furht,B. , and Escalante,A. (2010). Handbook of Cloud Computing. New York: Springer http://searchcloudcomputing. techtarget. com/definition /private-cloud [6] http://www. channelinsider. com/c/a/CloudComputing/Top-5-Cloud-Applications-for-2010319995/? kc=EWWHNEMNL02262010STR2Cloud computing. http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Cloud_computinghttp://w ww. google. com/a/help/intl/en/admins/pdf/forrester_cl oud_email_cost_analysis. pdf [7] Khmelevsky,Y. , and Voytenko,V. (2010). Cloud Computing Infrastructure Prototype for University Education and Research. Proceedings of the 15th Western Canadian Conference on Computing Education. Kelowna, Canada: ACM. [8] Personalized and self regulated learning in the Web 2. 0 era: International exemplars of innovative pedagogy using social software, Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 2010, 26(1), 28-43 [9] http://code. google. om/appengine/docs/whatisgooglea ppengine. html [10] The Research and Application of Network Teaching Platform Based on Cloud Computing, Zhang Tao and Jiao Long, International Journal of Information and Education Technology, Vol. 1, No. 3, August 2011 [11] Cloud Computing For Distributed University Campus: A Prototype Suggestion, Mehmet Fatih Erkoc, Serhat Bahadir Kert, http://www. pixelonline. net/edu_future/common/download/Paper_pdf/ ENT30-Erkoc. pdf [12] The Transformation of Education through State Education Clouds, www. ibm. com/ibm/files/N734393J24929X18/EBW0 3002-USEN-00. df Figure 4: Academic Cloud Computing Image source: Erkoc. pdf http://www. pixel-online. net/edu_future/common/download/Paper_pdf/ENT30- X. CONCLUSION Cloud computing is a solution to many problem of computing. Even we are in IT ages complication of computing has created much disaster to computer world. Lots of crisis has happen in business world as well as in academic environment. Data security, storage, processing power is limited while using traditional computing. Data are also in risk and not available all time. But by using of cloud computing the entire problem is solve.Computer in academic environment must have the latest hardware and software. Due to cost many couldn’t fulfill the availability of resource to student and staff by using cloud computing in academic environment we can solve all the issue. Cloud computing is new technology suitable for any environment. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We thank Karpagam University for motivating and encouraging doing our Research work in a Successful. REFERENCES [1] Behrend,T. S. , Wiebe,E. N. , London,J. E. , and Johnson,E. C. (2011). Cloud computing adoption and usage in community colleges. Behavior & Information Technology, 30 (2), 231–240. 101

Research paper of Favorite Organism Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Of Favorite Organism - Research Paper Example Their physiological characteristics are different and interesting. In this essay various aspects of elephants will be discussed. Taxonomic classification The family to which elephant belongs is Elephantidae. It is the only family under the order Proboscidea. The domain is living, kingdom is Animalia, phylum is Chordata and class is Mammalia. Under the family Elephantidae, there are 2 genuses and they are Loxodonta or African Genus and Elephas or Asian genus. There are 2 species: africana or African species and maximus or Asian species. The subspecies in the former are africana and cyclotis and in the later are indicus, borneensis and sumatranus. Elephants are the only living members of the Proboscidea order (Fowler and Mikota, 2006). Description of the organism Elephants are mammals. The two main species are African elephant and Asian elephant. Extinct species of the order Proboscidea are mastodons and mammoths. Currently, elephants are the largest living terrestrial animals. A male elephant can reach a height of 4 m and can weight upto 7000 kg (Fowler and Mikota, 2006). African elephants have larger ears and backs that are concave. On the other hand, Asian elephants have smaller ears and backs that are convex. ... The Asian elephant is considered endangered and the African elephant is considered as vulnerable. These animals are poached for their tusks because of their ivory value. Elephants are also at threat because of habitat destruction and conflicts with people in the local region. In Asia, these animals are used for heavy work. They are also displayed in circuses and zoos. They are also featured in ceremonies and cultural events. Asian elephants have smoother skin, only one extension at the tip of the trunk and their abdomen is horizontal. The molars have narrower looped ridges in the Asian elephant when compared to African elephant which is diamond shaped (Shoshani, 2005). Other than these features, the Asian elephant has dorsal bumps on the head and also some depigmentation patches. Status of the organism The Asian elephant is on the crux of becoming endangered because of severe poaching on the animal for the purpose of tusk. Ivory can be derived from the tusk and it has a very good com mercial value. Ivory is used to make different ornaments and objects. The leather of the elephant is also used for several purposes. African elephant on the other hand is not endangered but is called vulnerable (Fowler and Mikota, 2006). Unique physiological characteristics The word elephant is derived from the Latin word "elephantus". Of all the terrestrial living animals, elephant is the largest. The height of an African elephant is about 3-4 meters and that of an Asian elephant is 2- 3.5 meters. The former weighs between 4000- 7000 kgs and the latter weighs between 3000- 5000 kgs. Males are larger than females. The skeleton of an elephant has 326- 351 bones (Fowler and Mikota, 2006). The flexibility of the backbone of an

Everyday Use (style of dee) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Everyday Use (style of dee) - Essay Example This is the reason why she does not want her friends to come to her home. Dee is hard to satisfy because of her very high standards, so not many people can get along with her comfortably. People tend to be irritated from her attitude. Even her first boyfriend is driven away from Dee because of her hard-to-satisfy nature. Dee always picks out faults in him, so he breaks his relationship with Dee and instead, marries a cheap city girl. Although Dee is hurt by the distortion of her relationship with her first boyfriend, yet she maintains the image of a powerful girl and does not share her emotions with anyone. This essentially speaks of the fact that she is a very strong person who can fight with things single-handedly. Dee is the kind of person who would stand for women’s empowerment in the society. Her arrogance irritates her family, but the fact is that her arrogance is driven by her love and possessiveness for her family. All her efforts are directed at transforming her typical and traditional family into a more modern and enlightened family. Dee is confident that it is right to progress. Being ahead of her time, she makes every possible effort to make her family move along with her. However, her family’s lack of realization makes her an outcast in her own family. College means something very special to Dee. It provides her with a way out of the regular old-fashioned lifestyle and integrate into a totally different world. She realizes that the world is advancing really fast, and to keep pace with it, she has to endorse the new culture and the values associated with it. Dee says to Maggie, â€Å"its really a new day for us. But from the way you and Mama still live youd never know it† (Walker 130). However, there were some objectionable aspects of Dee’s personality. For example, rather than understanding her family values and history, Dee believes whatever people tell her. Instead of searching for the truth, she is keen to

Measuring Test Quality in Embedded Systems Research Paper

Measuring Test Quality in Embedded Systems - Research Paper Example This situation has called for the development of better testing methods that can be used to overcome the mentioned above setbacks experienced by the traditional embedded systems through offering the exact test quality information even in situations where the measuring and testing processes are carried out when the application under investigation is being run in an embedded target board (Conrad 78)Some malfunction software have been introduced as the quality problem culprit in the products of embedded systems. Software testing has therefore received more focus in the recent years and is commonly being used as a means adapted by companies to produce products that are of high quality within the desired time duration to their customers. The traditional systems that made use of manual methods for testing software have been unable to keep up with the rapid increasing code amounts in the contemporary implementation of products. Thus better systems to ensure that the tests conducted are effi ciently executed and the tests actions are reported, monitored and analyzed in better ways so as to keep up with the pace of modern requirements are needed (Grchtmann 27).Most of the programs used these days in embedded systems produce codes that are needlessly complex. While such released codes might still be functional, they are normally more complicated than they are required to be. Codes that are complicated tend to transform and become codes that are problem-riddled. Most technicians believe that in an event.

The common law and equity systems of jurisprudence Essay

The common law and equity systems of jurisprudence - Essay Example The other contribution of equity law was supplementation of common law with such concepts as injunctive relief, the trust and specific performance. The Chancellor implemented the policy of the Statute of Laborers and made decisions concerning occupational competency like negligent activity of carriers, builders, shepherds, etc. The inability of the common law to address damages due to faulty work resulted in the Chancellor’s competence in the issues of loss of wool, dead lambs, and damaged sheep. (Reilly) The majority of suits reviewed in equity court were disputes over land property involving family members. The case was initiated by the plaintiff who filed a bill of complaint which is a petition to the chancellor or an equity court. The answer followed from the defendant. The plaintiff continued with a replication while the defender answered with a rejoinder. This pleading process might continue further or may be finished a bill filing stage. In the equity court the main evidence was not an oral testimony but a written deposition based on interrogatories. (Wikipedia) The Chancellor performed the roles of both a judge and jury. So he had the right to decide cases without a jury. Unlike the common law, the Chancellor as a judge and often as a religious person relied on circumstances of cases and his conscience but not to a set of rules. Term "equitable claim" contains broad moral sense based upon general equitable considerations rather than a strict meaning of the claim involving consideration of principles of right and justice. (Equity)

Social work (choose any two different topic to write on) Research Paper

Social work (choose any two different topic to write on) - Research Paper Example es, there is a dire need of benefit programs to assist the struggling drug addicts, but such programs should not be used to finance the illegal use of drugs. According to the article, many individuals miss on employment opportunities if they fail the drug test. The editorial supports this liberal view. Liberals emphasize that discrimination will maintain the illegal status of the distribution and sale of illegal drugs. According to liberals, such forced drug testing will hurt the right of individuals such as civil rights and welfare transfers to the poor citizens. Liberals advocate for drug abuse legalization rather than forced drug testing or decriminalization in the welfare transfers. Liberals generally assert that drug abuse problem is as a result of social, cultural or psychological causes and mainly stems from inequality in the society. According to liberals, controlling drug problem should entail rehabilitation through education, employment opportunities generation and social skills enhancement. According to liberals, the solution to drug abuse would be to legalize drugs since individuals are capable of making rational choices of their happiness and lifestyles and abstain from drugs that are relatively harmful such as cocaine. The liberals support government-funded drug abus e treatment with minimum punishments and drug testing as an unwarranted intrusion on people’s privacy and liberty (Yee, 3). On the other hand, conservatives advocate for stringent crime control models like discrimination in social welfare transfers or lengthy imprisonment terms for people convicted of drug abuse. Conservatives try to maintain the status quo by asserting the drug abusers generally fail to succeed in the overall economic or political system thus making irrational choices that puts them in to trouble with the authorities. Conservatives advance the use of threat of punishment in order to control drug abuse thus rewarding a drug user with social benefits is immoral.

Course Project Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Course Project - Case Study Example While trying to identify the reasons associated with the success of the strategies for Apple IPod, focus has to be given on a number of issues. The first reason that needs to be highlighted is that the company Apple provides a lot of focus on introducing innovation in its products (Travlos, 2013). Secondly, the company prefers to promote simplicity in its product offerings. By having a highly simplistic kind of a user interface for the IPod, the company was able to create a favourable point of difference for its music product (Bajarin, 2012). The third factor is that the IPod was launched in the market along with a bundled free service offering. The free service offering which is popularly known as iTunes, helped in a great way in enhancing the customer experience for the product (LePage, 2006). The fourth factor that administered success to the IPod is the unique way of product marketing and branding by Apple. Since marketing is all about generating interest in the minds of the cons umers, the marketing approach of Apple was more focused on generating the buzz for the new product offering of the company at the time of launch. Also, the company focused on positioning the product as a fashion accessory, thereby triggering a further demand for the product (Weisbein, 2008). Finally, the last reason for success of the Apple IPod is the ability of the company to create a captive audience. By designing the highly fashionable lifestyle natured music device in a way, that it will accept only inputs from the company’s music website, helped in a great way in creating a captive audience, which automatically generated a huge amount of revenue for the company (Schulhof, 2006, p. 2). Mini Case 2: Failure The second mini case focuses on discussing the reasons leading to failure for a strategy of a particular company. For the purpose of relevance, the company that has been selected is Nokia, which is a globally present mobile manufacturing and marketing company. Talking more about the company, it needs special highlighting that Nokia in the last couple of years, has lost its market dominance position to various other competitors like Apple, Samsung, etc. On conducting an in-depth analysis, various points of flaws have been revealed. The first factor that has to be considered is that the telecom company lost its product related edge in the market. While its competitors focused on strongly promoting products which are high on innovative features, the company took a laid back approach (ET Bureau, 2013). Secondly, the company failed in a great way to identify the changing and rapidly evolving global mobile market. While the market was to Smartphones with touch features developed by its competitors, Nokia stuck for a considerable amount of time to with promoting Smartphones that lacked uniqueness in its product offering (News, 2012). Thirdly, the factor of brand positioning has to be taken into consideration. The bulky phone presented by Nokia lost its edge in the market when competing with other popular brands which are high on style and product appeal. Over a period of time, due to loss of brand appeal, Nokia’s products looked very old fashioned as compared to the rival’s homogenous and alternative product offerings (Chang, 2012). Cross Case analysis For the purpose of conducting a cross case analysis, it needs to be mentioned that both Apple and Nokia fall in the industry category of electronics.

Studies in International Film Critical Analysis Essay

Studies in International Film Critical Analysis - Essay Example They produced films which were dream like with flawless linear narrative and with little relation with the realities of life outside the theatre. They conceived of a star system to help the marketing of these films. Hollywood films were exported all around the world and just after the World War 1 Hollywood Cinema was the major influence in the world of cinema globally. Both the German expressionism as well as the Soviet Montage movement countered this Hollywood supremacy and its concept of Cinema. The Soviet Montage: Cinema had evolved a language through the classics of Edwin Porter (The Great Train Robbery – 1905) and D.W Griffith (Birth of a Nation -1915), both of course from Hollywood. But it was the era of silent Soviet cinema of the 20s that gave this language a grammer.The grammer is decided by the director and not by the actor. Actor, unlike in the Hollywood star system was yet another object in front of the camera. After the 1917 October revolution, young film makers i n Soviet Union, began working on building a new cinema for the new society. They experimented with the camera and with the shots on the edit table. Lev Kuleshov (1899-1970) was the leader of these experiments in the State Film School. His famous experiment with the stock shot of the face of the actor Ivan Mosjoukin proved that a single shot generated no particular meaning. Two shots juxtaposed and clashing with each other generate a concept or idea in the mind of the spectator. Thus cinema happens not on the screen but in the mind of the spectator. Sergei Eisenstein, the most famous disciple of Kuleshov, clarifies it like this: â€Å"A work of art understood dynamically is just a process of arranging images in the feelings and minds of the spectator (Word and Image, Film Sense PP 17). Vsevolod Pudovkin (Mother -1926) and Dziga Vertov (The Man with a Movie Camera -1929) were the other disciples of Kuleshove. Battleship Potemkin: Sergei Eisenstein is not only a master film maker, but also one of the most prominent film theoretician in the history of world cinema. He developed the concept of montage further and found out five different types of montage possible-- Metric Montage which concentrates on the contradictory lengths of the shots, Rhythmic Montage which concentrates on the contradictory movements within the shot, Tonal montage based on the contradiction of color tones or emotional tones, Over tonal Montage depending on the over tones / under tones of color and Intellectual montage, consequential images juxtaposed and generating an intellectual idea. Battleship Potemkin made in 1925 carries all the five types of montages at different stages of the development of the film and hence is a text book for the Soviet Montage theory. The film is based on the incidents of 1905 revolution. The crew of a battleship revolts against the officers on account of bad meat served to them. The officers oppress the revolt and the leader of the rebellion is killed. But the re bellious crew captures the control of the ship which moves to the port of Odessa. The people of the port town join the rebels and start sending the badly needed supplies to the rebellious ship. Suddenly the military appears to take revenge against the people, and the people are shot down brutally on the steps of Odessa. The battle ship returns fire to the military head quarters. The guns are

Air Passenger Duty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Air Passenger Duty - Essay Example The price-quantity equilibrium with APD =  £11, is shown by points A and B in Fig: 1. The fare that the consumers pay is given by Pd1 and the amount that the sellers receive is shown by Ps1. The difference between these two prices, given by AB (=  £11), is collected as the duty fee per unit by the government. The equilibrium supply of the short-haul trips is Q1. Now with the hike in APD, demand curve falls further to D2. As again, the vertical distance between D2 and D0 is  £12. The new equilibrium quantity and prices are now given by the points C and D. Fares that the buyers pay is now Pd2 and the sellers receive as much as Ps2. Again the difference between these two prices, i.e. CD (= £12) is taken as the duty fee per unit by the government. The equilibrium quantity of short haul trips now reduces to Q2. Thus the entire effect of this decision can be summarised below: From the society’s point of view the dead weight loss from the taxation also rises. With APD =  £11, it is equal to the area of the triangle ABE, but with the hike of  £1 in APD, the dead weight loss will be equal to the area of the larger triangle CDE. Hence the deadweight loss or the loss in social welfare accumulates with this decision (Mankiw, 2008, p. 164). Thus the buyers’ price will rise exactly by the hike in the rate of tax, i.e.  £1, only if Ed = 0, which means the price elasticity of demand is equal to zero which further means that the demand curve is vertical and perfectly inelastic. In case of perfectly inelastic demand the buyers will not try to look for alternatives even if the price of that commodity rises. They will not try to shift their consumption to elsewhere very easily. Producers will, in such cases, try to take advantage of buyers’ strong inclination towards their product. They will pass the entire burden of increased taxes onto the buyers successfully. Thus if the demand is perfectly inelastic, buyers have to bear the entire burden of

Reflection paper Essay Example for Free

Reflection paper Essay â€Å"Mabuhay ang Pilipinas! †, after watching Jose Rizal the Movie, these are the words that wanted to find its way out into my mouth. Words that wanted to travel beyond distance and beyond boundaries that would defy ages to finally find a resonating voice that sent earthquake to the stoned floor of the holy temple of God that sheltered fiends who clothed themselves in white and who spoke His words with fluency but undoubtedly knew nothing of His language. I could not say it better, as a realization hit me, but I admire my Motherland. I could not help but think how did she, after everything that was done to her, have found it in her heart to forgive? The film did not only depict the life of Jose Rizal during the gripping of the Spaniards’ iron hands but also the Filipinos during those darkest times before the crack of dawn. The movie did not also just settled for only Rizal and the Filipino people during the Spanish colonization, but it made a sort of movie adaptation of the two notable masterpieces of Rizal; the Noli Me Tangere and the El Filibusterismo. The movie itself was faithful to accuracy that you could see what it wants people to see and that is to see. The movie suggested us to see what had really happened to our motherland. It is to see what she had been through to keep her standing in her place in the map of the world. It is to see how many times our country had lost her identity, her dignity, her freedom, her voice, her rights, and her name. It is to see how many lives she had to remorsefully sacrifice just to keep standing. Watching the movie, I saw her. She took all pain and suffering and given up almost everything she has because she loves her children. She love the Filipinos that she kept standing and resisted the embrace of the god of the sea for us to have our feet on earth to land on. Realizing all she had borne made me proud to be molded from the earth of the Land of the Morning. Jose Rizal the Movie made it crystal cleared to everyone who would watch it how the Filipino people loved our country that they had given up their lives to free her from her iron cage. The movie showed that during the time of Rizal, Filipinos had started stirring from their seemed to be forever slumbering, although the Spaniards oppression continued to darken the skies. During those times, as portrayed, there was social unrest that resulted revolts. Most prominent movements were initiated by the Katipuneros led by Andres Bonifacio. A lot of native eyes had started to see the real faces inside the holy veil worn by the Spaniards that led them to the realization of their own scraped image. Spaniards had continued to use religion, specifically the teachings of the Catholic Church and the words of God to frightened majority of the Filipinos to conform and manipulate them. The film portrayed the Spaniards abuse of power and authority over the Filipinos. Friars shrouded their corruption in the cloak of church contributions and tributes. They collected high imposed taxes from the farmers who till their own soil. They acquired lands by authority and force. Worst of it, Spaniards did not content themselves in getting hold of our country but also our dignity. Filipinos had been treated unfairly. The Spaniards made sure that we had no equal human rights, no parity before the law, no seat for the government, no mercy from the church, and no place for morality. Filipinos became slaves. Our native women were victimized. There was racial discrimination. Only elites were granted to have a formal education and even in school, Filipinos were slandered, mocked and belittled. Even the justice system was in favor of the State. Filipinos who have committed crime in the eyes of their justice were subjected to persecution and death. Spaniards would then scheme any person who go against their regime; that would include the conspiracy they had done to Rizal as he was sentenced by prejudiced to death before his trial was even performed. They stripped our nation’s identity and clothed us in ballooned dresses to conform but even so denied our right-I believe-to baptize our country a name. Those lowest times, people who had finally perceived the truth tried to raise their voices but mostly failed to do so because there was no firmed foundation. Their flares were not enough. When Rizal gave light, flickers were rekindled to a raging fire. Jose Rizal became their source of strength though he did not purposely want to ignite insurgency. Though his writings were double edged sword, he wanted to address his appeal for freedom and equality in a diplomatic manner. Unfortunately, it did not go as planned because not only the Spaniards wanted to bind him for the trouble he had cause to the name of the Spanish government. I really liked the portrayal of those people close to Rizal after he was shot and had fallen on the ground; none of them even shed a tear. They held their ground, Rizal was not a traitor. They were the ones who held his pride when he was deprived to die with dignity. He doesn’t deserve a cry of sympathy because he had done nothing but to love and to be faithful to his country. Because he was not married to a woman; he was married to our country, faithfully. Watching that scene, I felt dignified. He was not a traitor and so were those lives that fought to free our country. They were Filipinos who desired to regain our freedom and identity from the Spaniards. As the movie concluded, I realized I have never been so proud of my country, and never did I really give proper acknowledgement to the many lives that, especially those nameless faces that did not have the chance to have a space in paper. â€Å"Give credit to who is due†, as the saying goes. All of us, we walk in different paths of life. We see strangers every day but I never really consider looking at their faces in a different way. After watching the film, I learned to see the faces of past through the faces of the present. We are all carrying fragments of souls of the people of the past. How we are giving shape to those fragments of souls is the real challenge in us. I have learned from watching the film how embarrassing we have become to cater these fragments in us because we failed and ignored to recognize them and the way we savor the liberty they struggled to regain but tragically did not had the chance to hold. These souls had once fought for freedom. We have to see them in us to fix how we abused our freedom. I still see our motherland in her situation back then because we failed to get the lessons from our past. How many more times does she have to be in same situation she thought she had been freed from? One lesson I clearly got from the movie, we have to carry the past in us like it is our own experience for us to never want to be in that situation again. We should never forget our own history and the importance of it, for the sake of those souls who only had the chance to experience true freedom in us.

Impact of Violence on Children

Impact of Violence on Children Violence is understood to mean â€Å"all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse† (United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, 2011). â€Å"Physical violence is the intentional use of physical force with the potential for causing death, disability, injury, or harm.† (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007). Nowadays, parents are as busy as a bee to bring home the bacon. This leads to the matter that children spend more time in pre-schools, schools or learning environments than anywhere else outside their houses. Thus, people who work in educational systems must take responsibility for safety and total development of children. However, are those educational environments as safe as parents usually think? In reality, UNICEF data points out that corporal retribution has been applied for 6 in 10 children from 2 to 14 years old (UNICEF, 2014). In the same trend, a lot of child abuse cases from baby minders have been reported on famous Vietnamese newspapers since 2008 although kindergarten is said to have best conditions for children growth. The news has caught attention from all social classes about the downgraded morality among a certain population of teaching staff working in pre-school level. It is an urgent problem which should be publicized to people to enhance their awareness about consequences that children have to be suffered like psychology problems. â€Å"All forms of violence against children, however light, are unacceptable.† (United Nations Committee on the Rights of the child, 2011) This essay will look into the physical violence against children from kindergarteners then suggest the solutions before evaluating the effectiveness of those. The rapid increasing of population as well as more people likely moving to the cities have created a lot of problems for society and one of those are schools for children especially for infants. Each locality has an average of 1-2 public nursery schools which is not a small figure but this number still meets only 40-50% of citizens’ needs especially in industrial parks or considerable resident areas. Thus, public pre-schools are overloaded. To be able to send children to those, parents must satisfy many conditions that school as well as ministry of education and training launch as city registration book, priority candidate, †¦ This becomes more and more tense when parents don’t have time for their kids because their jobs take up most of the time and they have to afford to live. Those people even don’t have a day off for themselves. Therefore, founding a private school is indispensable when teaching staff will respond those parents’ demands such as looking after children from 6AM to 6PM everyday or even more with moderate price level. Generally, this establishment has reduced the overcharged case mentioned above as well as the pressure that most of the families having infants suffers but the article inquiring about the violence against children in kindergartens recently has constantly raised anxiety of people from all walks of life about safety issues in these schools. The big headlines are set at the first page of the newspapers, even in foreign newspapers let people worry much about poor quality as well as the downgraded in morality of the teaching staffs in kindergartens. Taking care of 15-20 children in a day is a big pressure. Instead of improving quality, these people are chasing the profits and leaving their conscience so recently there have been a lot of violence against children cases investigated by police, journalists, reporters and even residents such as arresting the baby-sister who persecuted an 18-month-old to death (Tuoitre News, 2013), Maltreating preschool children (Tuoitre News, 2013), or The kindergartener taught her children by slippers, inox spoons (Tuoitre News, 2010),†¦ â€Å"Educating children must be with love. Violence like those will impact deeply to a child’s lifetime† – said Ninh Thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ Hà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Å"ng – Member of the Standing Committee of Vietnam Protection of Children’s Rights Association. Violence against children in VietNam in private kindergartens is not just one individual’s responsibility, it’s an unit’s one. State of violence against children originates from many different purposes. Firstly, mentioning is the role and responsibility of parents. Some parents don’t care much about the study of their children. Using cost-saving, temporary reasons to choose substandard environment is unacceptable. This choice led to many unfortunate consequences. Furthermore, pressure that parents put in caregivers is too considerable. Their requirement is that their children must attain certain weight and height. Hence, caregivers must do everything to make children develop in the way that their parents expect so that they can keep their salary. Socializing pre-school policy has created good condition for establishing private schools satisfying minding children need of those families that don’t have enough terms for their adolescence to go to public schools. Howerer nowsaday, most pre-schools in Vietnam don’t meet the standard of material facilities or quality of teaching. Those places transform housing into teaching environment so they don’t have playgrounds according to regulations. Every classroom has about 30-40 children so it is difficult for every childminder to take care thoughtfully all of these adolescence. Hence, compelling children into order and discipline, teaching staff have to use physical methods. Furthermore, some caregivers choose teaching as a job to earn money not because they love children. Thus, violence is an action representing the powerless in teaching skill and lacking of scientific education methods. But most, one of those reasons is the downgraded morality among a certain population of teaching staff working in the preschool level. Deeply, it is because the law is not enforced seriously. Beside the level of law of residents is poor while children rights are publicized and executed. This incidentally led to violence against children cases. Consequences of child abuse are grave. They bequeath after-effects on adolescence’s brain and constitution. Physical impacts are the most obvious and may include serious wounds or deaths by homicide or suicide. Then, children can be retarded in the future. Durrant JE (2005) suggests that children who have suffered corporal punishment tend to take part in aggressive behaviour such as hurting their families or friends in future. They can’t control their action correctly. â€Å"When children grow up they keep what was done to them in mind and in the end they also do the same to those younger than them, especially at school. Some people become mentally disturbed.† Said a boy -14 years old living in Eastern and Southern Africa, 2005. Steven,D.(2014) states that abuse has a longlife effect on children’s mental and psychological development. Children who have suffered violence have 6% smaller brain than normal. Violence may lead to mental disorder or nervous disorder on children. Because the brains have similar patterns of activity to soldiers exposed to combat. Moreover, children may change their personality as taciturn, stubborn and strange activities. Steven also confirms that victim may find it difficult communicating and set up relationship. This may make things worse. UNICEF(2014) puts forward some strategies that are believed to reduce violence against children. The first method is enforcing laws and polices strictly. Government have the duty to forbid irrevocably violence against children by law.Children’s right has been publicized and executed for over 10 years. Child abuse cases such as PhÆ °Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ ¡ng Anh kindergarten or teaching children by slippers and inox spoons must be judged strongly in order to awaken who used or have intention of using corporal retribution. People who have any action violating children’s safety must bear full responsibility for any damage and expiate behind the court of justice. Punishment suitable to the offence may prevent violent tendency to zero. Secondly, carrying out data collection and research is an appropriate way to expand knowledge based on the issue. This process let researchers, psychologists find the far-reaching cause of the violence then solving the problem to the every roots. Furt hermore, releasing those documents will change people’s thoughts and action. They may have consciousness and be indignant of alarming child abuse situation. Last but not least, ministry of education and training must assume responsibilities that teaching methods and disciplinary punishment of all schools must not include threat, physical force, or humiliation . Administrators must ensure the implementation of related policies and procedures at the school level– specifically putting a stop to corporal punishment. Moreover, quality of teaching needs to be improved. Good teacher recruitment and training must one the most important strategies to reduce violence. All school staff must be well- educated and have good virtues. Those will create good environment – letting children be the center, listening to their needs and concerns and alleviating children’s opposing when adults compel them to do something that they dislike and deeply is violence. Related agenci es ought to make an examination of valid papers to ensure that no educational foundations are set up illegally then bring forward standards every school needs to execute exactly. If those agencies don’t manage this closely, state of violence still happens.

The Wifes Story Ursula Le Guin

The Wifes Story Ursula Le Guin Ursula Le Guin tells us in The Wifes Story, about a woman who meets a man who would later become her husband and father to her children. This story has a great twist on what the werewolf and human perspective. Told from the wifes view, it shows her love for her husband and children. As time goes on she notices something different about her husband. Having to choose between the two of her loves, she will have to make a decision of whether to save her husband or her children. Ursula Le Guin will show us how our minds can be trick into believing what we perceive. Many times our views will be predetermined before we gather all the facts. Often times siding to what we hold to be right or wrong, good or evil. After reading this story and gathering all the facts, it is amazing on how fast we switch our thoughts on which side we emphasize with. Not only will the readers allegiances that are put to the test but also the wifes. Through the telling of this story she will manipulate our imaginations. She will lead us to the complete opposite of what we are thinking. It will not be until the ending that we find out we have been tricked. Being told from the wifes view, we sympathize with the wife. She will lead us into believing that her husband is cursed and is changing, that this once good and loving man is turning evil and is going to be a danger to her and her children After watching the way the he interacts with his mother and playing with the children, she finds him to be a kind and gentle man. Anyone that nice must be worth knowing (Le Guin, 2012, p 29). He always seemed to be happy, never in a foul mood. This is what would eventually lead her to fall in love with him. The wife describes him as a good husband and a good father (Le Guin, 2012, p 29). Being a young and hard worker he was look up to by the community. This is a recipe for the perfect man for her. During the first year of their marriage, life was wonderful for them. Soon we will start to see changes from him. As their life goes on, she starts to describe strange behavior from him. He would start waking up during the night. Unable to sleep, he would tell her he was going off to hunt. After these trips he seemed to be different, tired and worn. This good natured man would be terse and short, not wanting to talk about where or what he was doing. His wife would also know that there was a scent to him that could not be washed away, It would be in his hair and in our bed for days (Le Guin, 2012, p 30).This starts to give us the idea that the wife is starting to be concerned about what is happing to her husband. Le Guin gives us clues as to what this behavior stems from. Giving us key words she leads us to believe that this man is turning into a beast. The curse comes from his fathers blood and it only happens in the dark of the moon (Le Guin, 2012, pp. 29, 30). She also tells us the he is not from around these parts, a stranger here with no ties to the community. There is very little known about his true background. Le Guin was careful to not give to many details about how the story would turn. She lets the readers imagination take them where they lead themselves too. This would give us a realization as we find out how our own thoughts and preconceptions can betray us. The wifes suspicions start to grow, along with our own. When the youngest of the children seemingly just overnight (Le Guin, 2012, p 30), starts to fear her father, we have a sense that that the wife is not the only one who notices these changes. The father tries to play the fear of the child off as a bad dream. The wife still does not want to believe what she feels, admonishes the baby for her bad behavior. We discern now, that he knows there is something terribly wrong with him. He is either in denial or does not want his family and community to find out the truth. As she states that he kept away that whole dayprobably sensing the beginning the dark of the moon (Le Guin, 2010, p 30) Not only do we believe that the wife is in danger but, now also the whole family. As most of us probably have seen a werewolf movie or more, recognize what dangers may lay ahead. Now that Le Guin has our interest peaked, she will push our own thoughts even farther against us. Now that Le Guin has our full attention. She will reveal the truth of the story. The wife would wake up during the night to find that he husband is not in bed. He has once again wakened up and left. Hearing a noise she could no longer bare it (Le Guin, 2012, p 30), she goes to investigate what is going on. The wife sees her husband sitting outside. Her fears hold her in place as she starts to witness his transformation. His feet are getting longer with toes, as he starts to turn fleshy whiteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦losing his hair to become smooth skinned, his ears disappear and his eyes turn blue and white rimmedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦then standing on two legs (Le Guin, 2012, p 30). He has change into a human man. All along we have been thinking he was human and was cursed to be a werewolf. We find that the story was being told from the werewolves point of view. The wife finally sees for herself that he has been cursed, My dear love, turned into the hateful one (Le Guin, 2012, p 30). We know that the wife and werewolf community have dealt with human men before. The man thing looked around. It had no gun, like the ones from the man places do. I knew the man would kill our children if it could (Le Guin, 2012, pp. 30, 31). We get that the wolves have been hunted down before and killed by her reaction. She fears for her childrens lives even though the man in unarmed. She starts howling, alerting others of her kind. They would chase down the man and kill him.

Gender Discrimination Essay example -- Feminism

The topic of gender discrimination is certainly a controversial one. Some of our group remembers their LIBS 7013 course, an entire course dedicated to studying Race, Class and Gender. It’s interesting to look at these issues from a moral point of view, and apply different principles to the circumstances at hand. Utilitarian View When we use a utilitarian approach, it is believed that â€Å"productivity is optimized when jobs are awarded based on competency.† The clear conclusion from this statement is that skills and abilities should be the first requirement to consider when evaluating a potential new hire, or promoting them to a different position. This approach is somewhat objective because the person doing the hiring could have different views on the meaning of â€Å"competency.† Say, a man in a senior management position believes that women are somehow less intelligent or less able to succeed in top positions, he would automatically rule out women due to their â€Å"incompetency.† The responsibility to break these types of mindsets lies with the corporation. Where there is objectivity of terms, there should be detailed descriptions put in place of what they truly mean to the organization. Kantian View In Kantian terms, one can think about how people would react if their actions or beliefs were universalized. If the same manager mentioned above applied for a higher position and was denied by a woman who believed men to be incompetent, he would surely have a problem accepting that. Again, this confirms that it is morally unsound to discriminate based on gender. Ethic of Care The good old boys of Wall Street surely epitomize a prime example of an Ethic of Care gone wrong. The message the industry seems to want to get across, especially to... ... males on Wall Street still held 85% of branch management positions, 76% of the managing director positions and 79% of executive management positions. So do Wall Street firms with â€Å"entrenched male cultures† have an ethical obligation to change? Affirmative action should not be necessary for Wall Street, as there are more and more females who are qualified to work there. If affirmative action is used, there is a chance of reverse discrimination to happen where white males get discriminated against. Ethically firms have the obligation to hire the person most qualified for the job. In time, society will automatically make this change happen on Wall Street, as more barriers fall between the old ways and the new ways. More executives will be females which will help further with the change. By forcing rapid change, it is more likely that females will just mirror males.

Egypt Essay -- Egyptian Politics, Economy, Culture

Egypt 2 Egypt is a very important trade country to its surroundings. Egypt has one of the most interesting rivers in the world called the Nile River. Its is three hundred and eighty-six thousand square miles four times the size of the British Isles. (Wilkins Frances 1999.). Approximately the size of Texas and New Mexico put together There year of independence is 1922. (Worth & El-Naggar 2010) There highest point of elevation is Mount Catherine of two thousand six hundred and twenty-nine meters. The lowest elevation point is Qattara Depression, which is one hundred and thirty-three meters. The natural hazards do Egypt are earthquakes, flash floods, landslides, volcanic activity, windstorms called Khams in, dust storms, and sandstorms. (Birgeneau Dean. 2002). Egypt’s is a small country located in Africa. It is in the northeastern part of Africa next to the Mediterranean Sea and Red sea. Its surrounding countries are Libya and Sudan. Its absolute location is twenty-seven degrees north and thirty degrees east. The total area surrounding is one million four hundred and fifty square kilometers. The land could fit three New Mexico’s inside. (Britannica Encyclopedia 1995.) Egypt can divide into elevated plateaus and low plains. There are many places with ground water discharge also. (Cultural Gram). The most fertile land in the world is along the Nile River. The Egyptians all relay on the river to there everyday needs. In the city Alexandria there is the largest seaport called Port Said. This is located along the Mediterranean Sea. The land in Egypt is very arid. (Wilkins Frances 1999.). Egypt is divided into four regions. Number one is the Nile valley and Delta. Number two is the Western desert including Mediterranean Sea. Number t... ... from using their Egypt 7 river as much as possible. Egypt has a very strong trade connection with coastal countries along the Mediterranean and Red sea. Also has a strong trade with its neighboring countries. Yes Egypt may not like to share the river but it brings in good profit for their whole Country. (Foreign Affairs 2010) Most Egyptians prefer a relaxed and quite life. They are very patient people Characterized by the word Ma alesh which means â€Å"don’t worry†. This term helps the people dismiss concerns or conflicts that are not that serious. They are emotionally expressive which helps in their poor conditions. Society is a serious debate battling for the hearts of the Egyptians. Rural men wear gallabeyya to long clock like dresses. All women must not show any skin but the eyes. There country is very protective and understanding. (Cultural gram).

Never say Never :: essays research papers

A Jury of Her Peers "A Jury of Her Peers" is a story taut with violence. At no time do we see blood; there is no screaming; there are no corpses; there are none of the trappings our Gothic imaginations have come to expect. And yet in this homely little story about quilting and canning and pet canaries, the psychological tension is almost unendurable -- and much of the tension revolves around gender-specific ways of seeing the world. The story concerns a farmer, John Wright, who is found strangled in his bed; his wife is arrested for the murder. The story ¡Ã‚ ¯s action begins the following day, when the sheriff, the county attorney, the sheriff ¡Ã‚ ¯s wife, and a neighbor couple return to the Wrights ¡Ã‚ ¯ house. The women are there to pick out some clothes for the accused wife to wear in prison; the men, to check over the crime scene. Although the story ¡Ã‚ ¯s purpose is to penetrate the motive for Mrs. Wright ¡Ã‚ ¯s murder of her husband, the sheriff ¡Ã‚ ¯s wife, Mrs. Peters, and the neighbor Mrs. Hale occupy center stage -- and it is really their story. Sheriff Peters and Mr. Hale wander in and out, mostly passing through as they move from one part of the house to the other, commenting about the slovenly housekeeping and the general air of cheerlessness. At first it is clear that the women do not want to be here, either; the house is too cold and too still, and what happened here the day before was too awful. The women feel defensive in this house, partially because of the disparaging way the men refer to the little details of Mrs. Wright ¡Ã‚ ¯s life. The men laugh at their wives ¡Ã‚ ¯ admiration of Mrs. Wright ¡Ã‚ ¯s fine stitching on her quilt, and when the women express sadness over Mrs. Wright ¡Ã‚ ¯s broken jars of jam, Sheriff Peters finds this tremendously humorous: "Well, can you beat t he women! Held for murder, and worrying about her preserves. . . . I guess before we ¡Ã‚ ¯re through with her she may have something more serious than preserves to worry about." "Oh, well," said Mrs. Hale's husband, with good-natured superiority, "women are used to worrying over trifles." But it is precisely these types of "trifles" that eventually prove to them that Mrs. Wright did kill her husband, and why. It also convinces the two women to keep that information to themselves, lest it prove incriminating to this woman they barely know, but whom they feel certain was entirely justified in her act.

Powderhouse Productions

One of the major challenges for engineering today is to develop infrastructure that is able to withstand the forces of nature without creating an impact of the natural environment and at the same to support the growth of cities and industries.Malaysia’s Storm water Management and Road Tunnel is one example of the effort to develop the urban landscape while at the same time responding to the demands for environmental management.Though the city is not among the highest in average precipitation, it has been vulnerable to flash floods which have the potential of progressively growing in terms of impact considering the rate of the city’s growth. The government hopes to be able to deal with Kuala Lumpur’s concerns regarding flooding seamlessly with its current city planning and to support future urban development projects.Project BriefThe project, completed on the 14th May of 2007 is the longest stormwater channel in South East Asian region. The project aims to relieve the traffic congestion in getting into the Malaysia’s capital Kuala Lumpur or KL as well as to manage seasonal flooding. The project’s main proponents are the country’s Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Malaysian Highway Authority and the consortium of Gamuda Berhad and Malaysian Mining Corporation Berhad. Preliminary feasibility studies were conducted by the Mott MacDonald Group (Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel, 2007).The project broke ground in 2004 when tunneling using slurry shield tunnel boring machines began from Gemilang and Tuah commenced simultaneously. The former was completed in April 2006 and the latter a year later. The tunnel has three modes of operations ranging from no rainfall, minor rainfall and storm water diversion and major rainfall and storm water diversion.The double deck motorway tunnel has a length of 4 kilometers and links the Kuala Lumpur-Seremban Expressway and the Kg. Pandan Roundabout KL-Seremban Expressway (Kuala Lumpur Flood Mitigation Project, 2007). This crates direct access to the KL city center and the Sungai Besi Airport. So far, access to the motorway has been limited to light vehicles only.The stormwater tunnel has a length of 9.7 kilometers and a diameter of 13.2 meters. The main holding basin directs the storm water flows into programmable reservoirs. The reservoirs are twin-box culvert that also manages the release of the stormwater. Ventilation of the motorway is accomplished with shaft structures equipped with exhausts and fresh air injectors. Management and conditions are maintained through centralized control room through remote computer systems sensor monitoring at interval of one kilometer (Powderhouse Productions, 2006). So far, has been limited access to the motorway to light vehicles only though the project has been fully completed and operational. The government aims to allow full access by the end of May and operation of the stormwater tunnels during the upcoming monsoons (St ormwater Management and Road Tunnel, 2007)

Early Childhood And Why Parents Choose Certain Schools

I merely want my kid to hold merriment! is a remark I hear on a regular basis from parents touring my preschool. But the thaumaturgy of merriment someway disappears as kids reach the age of three or four, and when they start to fix for â€Å" existent school. † Standards, standardised trials, awards, classs etc. , shortly become parents ‘ greatest concerns. Somewhere along the line, the fun remark is replaced with inquiries refering to kindergarten preparedness and petitions for worksheets, prep and some kind of â€Å" class † . As a preschool owner/educator, I remember so vividly the twenty-four hours I decided to go forth an unbelievable 13-year calling as a public school instructor in one of Ohio ‘s wealthiest school territories to have and run my ain preschool. This was non an easy determination, because I love learning ; go forthing the schoolroom was one of the hardest professional determinations I have of all time made. However, the criterions and standardised testing that were ordering our course of study patterns were in complete struggle with my beliefs. Fortunately, I had options and decided to remain in instruction by traveling to younger ages, which at the clip, seemed exempt from the open force per unit area of standardised testing. I envisioned a installation that embraced drama as the primary acquisition doctrine – 1 that valued child involvements and focal point groups, one that integrated multicultural aspects. I could non be more pleased with my determination to walk off from an astonishing retirement, nice wage, and summers off with my ain kids to offer my ideals to other immature scholars. Small did I realize that the same incubuss that plagued me antecedently would go on to stalk me at my preschool. Although research on drama and cognitive development provide a batch of support for the play-based course of study for our immature kids, the recent province and national accent on proficiency trial public presentation has reinforced the construct of minimum drama clip, even in the primary scene. Many preschools and simple schools have reduced or even eliminated drama from their agendas ( Bodrova & A ; Leong, 2003 ; Brandon, 2002 ; Johnson, 1998 ; Murline, 2000 ; Vail 2003 ) . Play, even the little sections, are being replaced with academic preparedness patterns, peculiarly literacy and reading to fit the content of standardised testing ( Brandon, 2002 ; Fromberg, 1990 ; Johnson, 1998 ; Stei nhauer, 2005 ; Vail, 2003 ) . The changeless battle for answerability, every bit good as â€Å" top-down criterions and coercive force per unit area to raise tonss on an eternal series of standardised trial † – ( Kohn, 2004, p.572 ) , in add-on to the conflict of bettering instruction, all seem to be ordering current educational tendencies. Even if a plan embraces the importance of drama, the outer forces that continue to press for faculty members is invariably endangering the foundation from which our immature kids build their educational hereafter. â€Å" We strip them of their best innate assurance in directing their ain acquisition, travel rapidly them along, and frequently wear them out. † ( Almon, 2003, p.20 ) . This push for a more academic foundation in the early old ages may happen us losing sight of the existent intent of larning. If we continue down this way of making a test-prep course of study in which our accent is on how the kid scores on a reading trial instead than on leting kids to read for pleasance and information after go forthing school, we might bring forth rather the opposite consequence and negatively impact cognitive development. However, the planetary challenge that the Information Age has imposed on us has similarly prompted instruction functionaries to redefine school accomplishment. The authorities ‘s move to set up educational criterions through the ( No Child Left Behind Act ) NCLB was based on the diminution of instruction criterions since the start of the 70s ( Peterson, 2003 ) . At present, most schools implement standard-based course of study, formal rating methods, and numerical scaling system in response to the call for a wider educational transmutation. Suffice to advert, the U.S. ranks merely 19th in the Literacy Index established by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) ( 2007 ) . Such informations support the current tendency in instruction, and connote the demand of preschool pedagogues to react consequently. In this consideration, it is worthwhile to weigh what we know about the significance of play-based course of study as it contradicts with what functionaries in Higher Education promote, the standard-based course of study. With the aid of parents who themselves have witnessed the relevancy of play-based course of study to the current instruction system and to the broader facets of their kids ‘s lives, this survey shall derive fresh findings on how parents understand the play-based course of study. Knowing how parents understand play-based course of study is of import, it will supply insight into what information parents draw upon in doing early educational determinations for their kids. . Since parents are the 1s who decide where to inscribe their kids, it would be best to larn how they feel towards play-based course of study. To procure a intelligent research determination, during this survey I will concentrate on interviews, observations and documents/documentation, with parents whose kids are presently enrolled in a play-based course of study. I plan to interview five parents ; carry oning three interviews: a Life History interview, a Current Context interview that includes a sum-up of their present state of affairs, and a Follow up interview. In add-on to the three interviews, observations will be conducted and artefacts will be collected to heighten the informations aggregation. I presently own and operate a preschool situated in a Northeastern Ohio suburb. The demographics environing my school consist of upper in-between category, educated, two-parent families. In the recent yesteryear, we were runing with 248 Caucasic households but have noticed a cultural tendency altering our school ‘s population: we now house six native Asiatic households, eight native Indian households, three Afro-american households, and two biracial households out of a sum of 257 households. This tendency, I believe, is due to a new 30-acre infirmary installation opening across the street. This survey will take topographic point in a similar preschool. The commercial trade name preschool ( anonym ) has similar demographics and utilizes a play-based course of study. As I tour households, I am ever assured that parents want the best for their kids. The determination to go forth a immature kid to a non-family member is hard but common, and it is what brought me to this point in my life: a 43 year-old female parent of two girls, ages 10 and 13, prosecuting a PhD in Curriculum and Instruction with an early childhood focal point. A really attractive, well-groomed adult female in her thirtiess, entered my school anteroom keeping an expensive pocketbook, and armed with a list of inquiries, began her pursuit for the perfect child care supplier. This well-spoken ma has a two-year-old boy and an infant girl. She, an lawyer and her hubby, a occupant physician, merely moved to our community from Washington, DC. My tour involves a short debut of myself and my background, every bit good as the school ‘s. I ever include a short description of our doctrine, which includes drama, a circuit of the installation, an debut to all instructors, and, eventually, a meeting in my office where we address all inquiries on their list. Such a list typically includes: safety and security, ratios, ill policy, subject policy, sanitation processs, tiffin and bite, tuition, etc. In this case, course of study was ne'er mentioned, even after I spoke of our play-based doctrine, our Flex Learning Program, etc. Such things did non look o f import to this ma. She asked about instructor turnover, how many babies were presently enrolled, how many instructors were in the schoolroom, and if her babe would be rocked to kip. She asked if her immature yearling would see the gym, which is located in the older edifice ; if he would travel outside every twenty-four hours ; and if he could take part in karate and association football. Literature back uping everything discussed during the circuit, including course of study issues, was handed to her, every bit good as a concern card with the web reference for any extra information. This is really much a typical circuit. The female parent called subsequently to denote that her determination was complete and her kids would be get downing the following Monday. That was two old ages ago. Her kids still attend my school full clip, now ages three and five. Both childs are in the West installation that houses older kids: older Preschool, Pre K, Jr-K, K, and after school classrooms/program. Her kids are booming academically and socially. Yet, two old ages subsequently, her concern shifted to academic preparedness. She made an assignment with me to reexamine the Ohio Pre K criterions which she received from her neighbour. Our hour-and-half hr meeting consisted of illustrations of merely how these criterions are being implemented, met, and mastered without the usage of paper/pencil, bore, skill worksheets, and appraisal tools. Although our doctrine has non changed, nor has her desire for her kids to hold merriment, the fright of success in school has crept into this ma à ¢â‚¬Ëœs thought. Walking through her boy ‘s and girl ‘s schoolrooms daily and detecting childs edifice blocks, making dramatic drama, utilizing sand and H2O, and working at art Stationss, reassures her that the childs are so holding merriment, but what are they larning? How can she be certain they will be prepared for â€Å" school? † This has me presenting several opposing inquiries. What are parents ‘ beliefs and attitudes towards an early childhood play-based course of study, and has their beliefs and attitudes changed since come ining the play-based plan? What grounds can I offer parents that play-based course of study is an appropriate course of study for primary school preparedness? How do I recommend for kindergartners as a clip in life to care for drama as a footing for holistic development and acquisition? It is my desire, as a strong advocator of drama for little kids, to better understand where parents are coming from, how they are informed, and what they draw upon to do their concluding decisions. Therefore, in my survey, I will ask from parents their beliefs and attitude about play-based course of study in the hope of better apprehension where parents are coming from. This information will better inform instructors in their parent instruction patterns every bit good as parents in their hunt for a preschool. Approximately Early on Childhood Education Programs Early on childhood instruction plans provide foundational acquisition experiences to really immature kids in readying for formal schooling. Early childhood instruction plans strive to supply kids with the basic accomplishments in literacy and numeracy, which are important for all degrees of instruction, while, at the same clip, supplying the societal, emotional, and cultural interaction that kids need for adulthood and societal development. There is a broad fluctuation in kid attention plans in the United States runing from basic care-based, and sometimes merely custodial-based attention to nationally accredited early childhood plans such as those promoted by the National Association for the Education of Young Children ( NAEYC ) . A figure of early childhood instruction theoretical accounts are in topographic point: Montessori, Reggio-Emilia, Waldorf, Play-Based, and Academics-Based, each holding a different doctrine and educational aim, but all nisus to lend to the preparedness of k ids for formal direction ( Singer, Singer, Plaskon, & A ; Schweder, 2003 ) .Theoretical ModelsEarlier theories on kid development do non straight stipulate drama as an indispensable facet of cognitive development yet constructivist theories recognize it as an of import factor impacting kids ‘s involvement and societal development. In add-on, neuroscience contributes to the position that physical and age-related drama enhances encephalon, physical, and overall development ( Frost 1998 ) . The societal constructivist theory is the force that determines this survey. It claims that persons ‘ perceptual experiences of the â€Å" world † around them shape their ideas and behaviour ( Berger & A ; Luckman, 1966 ) and that the building of significance is a procedure â€Å" forged in the melting pot of mundane interactionaˆÂ ¦meanings are negotiated, exchanged, and modified through mundane interactions with others † ( Rosenholtz, 1989, p. 3 ) . It besides says that people construct their ain apprehension and cognition of the universe through sing and reflecting upon those experiences. Constructivism posits that kids develop their ain constructs of things based on anterior cognition and experience. Guided by people, anterior cognition or experience, they perceive, analyze, and finally do up their ain thoughts sing the universe. Therefore, anterior accomplishments used at drama may be applied relevantly to other state of affairss, such as job resolution, analysis, or decision-making. This makes play an of import portion of kids ‘s life, as it serves as the debut to higher accomplishments and more hard challenges of life. In peculiar, Lev Vygotsky ( cited in Palmer, 2004 ) , a well-known constructivist supports the importance of drama in the kid ‘s development. In his last talk, â€Å" Play and the Psychological Development of the Child, Vygotsky emphasized the importance of drama during the kid ‘s early old ages. Harmonizing to him, drama is portion of a kid ‘s Zone of Proximal Development ( ZPD ) . ZPD is the difference between what a kid can make and what s/he can non. During drama, the kid behaves beyond his age, and discovers new ways of making things such as different forms and highs of blocks. As the kid does this, s/he explores the deepnesss of ZPD, which consequences to a better acquisition ability. In the same manner, neuroscience provides support for kid ‘s drama. Frost ( 1998 ) paperss that encephalon development is farther improved as kids engage in age-appropriate drama. Conversely, he illustrates that want of drama could ensue in â€Å" deviant behaviour † ( 8 ) . It can be gathered that in Vgotsky ‘s societal constructivist theory, parents form an apprehension when it comes to placing the â€Å" fit † academic environment for their kid based on their outlooks Research Methodology Focus and Questions Based on the ends of this survey, the employment of methodological analysis through the acquisition of narrative enquiry and the instance survey design are appropriate. Narrative instance survey will be used for this research undertaking as it will let me, the research worker, to witness and describe a descriptive scene in order to portion experiencesCase StudyThis survey adopts the instance survey design with the position that single instances provide more in-depth information. Case surveies focus on the person, his/her experiences, and immediate world, which is needed to deduce significance and apprehension of the issue or concept under scrutiny. Furthermore, it provides existent illustrations from existent people who are unencumbered by the usage of preset steps or studies, and whose responses will merely ensue in Numberss and statistics ( Bogdan & A ; Biklen, 2007 ) . In this survey, persons, the parents ( either female parent or male parent in one household ) should hold a kid o r kids who are enrolled in a school that implements play-based course of study. These persons will be interviewed and asked to portion their narratives based on open-ended inquiries that correspond to the over-arching research inquiries. In making so, the persons ‘ experiences and beliefs will be discussed in order to get at a better apprehension of the research subject, which regards parents beliefs and attitudes of a play-based course of study. It is expected that other factors such as race, faith, and socioeconomic position would act upon the experiences and ideas of parents. Therefore, the parents selected for the survey will come from different backgrounds. In add-on to the three planned interviews, observations including parent/ instructor conferences, PTO meetings, assorted parent jubilations such as â€Å" A Day in the Life of PreSchooler † , â€Å" Muffins With Mom † , â€Å" ( Root ) Beer and Pretzels with Dad † , Parents Night Out, Parents †˜ Information Evening etc will be observed. Artifacts such as Parent Handbook, School ‘s literature including the school ‘s mission statement, pupil rights, pupil portfolio information will be submitted to supplement Narrative Inquiry For the intent of this survey I will besides be pulling on narrative enquiry ( Clandinin & A ; Connelly, 2000 ) to look into five parents beliefs and attitudes towards a drama -based early childhood course of study within a in private owned early childhood installation. Coming from the societal constructivist position, I believe that experiences are important. Clandinin & A ; Connelly besides suggest experience is important in their three dimensional model for analyzing how the participants past, present and future contexts act upon their beliefs and attitudes towards a drama -based early childhood course of study. Concentrating on narrative enquiry will assist me to underdtand how parents beliefs and attitudes towards a play-based early childhood course of study have been established. This alone attack is attractive because it provides the chance for the parents ‘ voices to be heard. In understanding their beliefs and attitudes of a play-based early childhood course of study, narrative enquiry will let me to research how their beliefs and attitudes affect their decsion to inscribe or non in enroll in a installation that promotes a play-based curriuculum and how these beliefs and attitudes have evolved, through the narratives that they portion. This survey will utilize the narrative in-depth interview as a qualitative information aggregation method, which can arouse far richer information than a study. Further, interviews offer the research worker a means to clear up responses and validate participant responses. Cohen et Al. ( 2000 ) posited that single behaviours can merely be understood by understanding persons ‘ readings of the universe around them. Therefore, meaningful societal action demands to be interpreted from the point of position of the histrions or the people who are in that peculiar state of affairs. It can be said that parents who have already enrolled their kid in a play-based preschool would of course experience more strongly about it than parents who have non sent their kid to a play-based preschool ( Bryman, 2004 ) . This qualitative instance survey will analyze preschool parents ‘ beliefs and attitudes utilizing a narrative enquiry data-collection scheme in order to showcase the experiences and perceptual experiences of parents towards play-based course of study in early childhood plans. Case survey and narrative enquiry seek to understand the peculiar inside informations in a historically and socially bounded context ( Clandinin & A ; Connelly, 2000 ) .Main Research QuestionsThe chief research inquiry for this survey is â€Å" what are parents beliefs and attitudes towards an early childhood play-based course of study? † Supporting Research Questions I have identified several back uping research inquiries to reflect upon throughout Clandinin and Connelly ( 2000 ) 3-dimensional interviewing procedure. In looking forward/backward I am interested in understanding how persons ‘ life histories inform their current beliefs and attitudes towards play-based course of studies. In looking inward/outward I am interested in understanding what outside factors influence their current beliefs and attitudes towards play-based curriculums.. What are their beliefs on drama? What are parents ‘ beliefs sing developmentally appropriate patterns? What are parents ‘ perceptual experiences of early acquisition? What grounds can I offer parents that play-based course of study is an appropriate course of study for primary school preparedness? How do I recommend for kindergartners as a clip in life to care for drama as a footing for holistic development and acquisition? . Childs have different demands and the preschool plan should be able to turn to those demands. From my experience, I have found that parents frequently choose preschools that are child-friendly ; that is, they have passed safety criterions, provide plenty learning stuffs, employ qualified and caring instructors, and maintain an attractive installation. Rarely do parents inquire about the school ‘s course of study or its academic offerings. In my experience, parents expect preschools to learn kids rudimentss like forms, colourss, alphabet, Numberss, and reading. Most preschools integrate these basic accomplishments into their acquisition plans, but each preschool differs in how the said accomplishments are presented to the kids for learning intents. Researching parents ‘ beliefs and attitudes would assist place the relevancy of play-based course of study, whether it has helped ease their kids ‘s preparedness and ability to larn and develop accomplishments needed for the â€Å" existent school † or for mundane life. Furthermore, their responses will function as valuable penetrations to pedagogues in general, including those who are non implementing drama. Sing its focal point, play-based course of study may be mostly misperceived as non supplying adequate attending to accomplishments and acquisition. Besides, the current standard-based instruction being implemented, may see drama unimportant, therefore curtail clip for it or wholly disregard it. Such would be deterrent to kids whose basic needs include drama and merriment. In this position, the inquiries that I would wish to elaborate on include: What are parents ‘ beliefs and attitudes towards play-based course of study? What factors led to the development of these beliefs and attitudes? How do/did play-based course of study affect their kids ‘s acquisition and development? and How do parents ‘ beliefs and attitudes sing drama impact the execution of play-based course of study and standard-based curriculum/formal direction?Purpose of the StudyI believe it is of import for all parents to hold a thorough apprehension of the course of study that their kid will be sing, whether in preschool or in any other educational scene. Preschools enjoy a certain sum of flexibleness in how they teach immature kids. Different learning theoretical accounts are available, and some schools integrate two theoretical accounts ( i.e, Montessori and Reggio Emilia ) . When parents know and understand the course of study of their kid ‘s preschool, they are more likely to go involved in the school ‘s activities. They so cognize how to reenforce their kid ‘s acquisition at place, and tend to join forces more with instructors ( Sission, 2009 ) . My quest to understand the beliefs and attitudes of five parents towards a play-based course of study has multiple intents. First, is to supply readers and the early childhood instruction sector with information refering parental beliefs and attitudes towards play-based course of study ; 2nd, to larn how, harmonizing to parents ‘ positions has play-based course of study affected their kids ‘s acquisition and development ; and 3rd, to spot whether they believe it serves as an effectual tool for early childhood instruction.Statement of the ProblemEarly on childhood research workers have reported that immature kids learn best through activities that support the development of the whole kid ( Elkind 2001 ) . David Elkind ( 2001 ) , in a piece reminiscent of Piaget ‘s constructivist positions, entitled â€Å" Young Einstein: Much Too Early, † argued that immature kids learn best through direct interaction with their environment. Before a certain age, they merely a re non capable of the degree of concluding necessary for formal direction. However, national concern with answerability, competition, proving and â€Å" back-to-basics, † puts an over-emphasis on faculty members and single-subject instruction ( Elkind, 2007 ; Ornstein, 2002 ; Perrone, 2000 ) . In response to these concerns, early childhood plans may concentrate the course of study on the instruction of academic accomplishments ( Morrison, 2004 ) . These factors have led to narrowly-defined course of study, which deny immature kids valuable life experiences found in drama. Although a turning concern on math and linguistic communication ability in the higher twelvemonth degrees has prompted the execution of standard-based course of study, it is non plenty to enforce such sort of system in the preschool degree. In the first topographic point, kids are a batch different from grownups in their ways to larn. Unlike grownups, kids, particularly little 1s, need drama ( Ginsburg, 2007 ) ; they need to be interested in what they do in order to go on with it. Therefore, the demand for drama in the preschool should non be disregarded. However, the significance of drama in direction should be supported by research and by parents ‘ belief in the course of study. Therefore, a survey of the parents ‘ beliefs and attitudes towards a play-based early childhood course of study may supply information utile to instructors and decision makers when be aftering schemes for implementing a successful preschool plan.RationaleWith the demand for effectivity, trial accomplishment tonss, and answerability, many preschool plans have adopted and reinforced formal direction, and have used drama as a recreational period instead than a learning medium. In an Oregon state-wide study sent to all kindergarten instructors and principals with first-grade instructors, Hitz and Wright ( 1998 ) found that 64 per centum of kindergarten instructors, 61 per centum of principals, and 72 per centum of first-grade instructors reported that formal academic direction was more prevailing in kindergarten than it was 10 to 20 old ages ago. In this scenario, originative look may be considered non every bit of import as cognitive development. Creativity may be viewed as irrelevant to the development of thought and job resolution. Conversely, it is possible that instructors and decision makers have adopted academic direction and other formal patterns, even though most of them considered such developmentally inappropriate. This last scenario implies the loss or deficiency of academic freedom among pedagogues, therefore beliing democratic rules. Early on childhood pedagogues have shown concern with the type of direction used in their instruction plans. Practices used in pre-kindergarten and kindergarten categories reflected an environmentalist-behaviorist position, even though instructors reported holding other positions. From a survey of instructor pattern, Hatch and Freeman ( 1988 ) found that two-thirds of early childhood instructors were implementing plans in struggle with their doctrines refering kids ‘s acquisition. Early childhood experts have long asserted that plans for immature kids should supply for the development of societal, emotional, physical, cognitive, and originative accomplishments, but the abovementioned findings do non reflect this anymore. In short, there is a spread between research workers ‘ recommendations and instructors ‘ patterns ( Bredekamp, 1997 ; Logue, Eheart, & A ; Leavitt, 1996 ) . Parents are the make up one's minding authorization when it comes to the type of instruction that their kids should have. Their beliefs and attitudes towards a course of study and later their determinations are typically influenced by their ain beliefs, experiences, and attitudes. As a effect, their positions affect the execution of plans for immature kids. This survey does non corroborate that parents ‘ positions sing course of study execution are sufficient to implement a favourable plan. However, it considers their positions because they form portion of kids ‘s acquisition environment. It is of import to derive their positions about play-based instruction because aside from the instructor, they are the 1s who have entree to information sing their kids ‘s development and ability whether in school or outside it. Motivation As an experient primary pedagogue, and a current preschool proprietor and pedagogue, I am interested in parents ‘ beliefs and attitudes towards an early childhood play-based course of study and whether their determination to inscribe their kid in a play-based course of study is borne out of their apprehension of the plan or other factors. I personally believe in the play-based course of study and would wish to find if this attitude is shared by the parents. If they do non, I would wish to cognize the footing for their disfavor of the course of study. Parents of my pupils are informed of our play-based course of study at registration. Despite this, nevertheless, some still face me with incredulity about the course of study. As an pedagogue and concern proprietor, this survey would take me to a better apprehension of parents ‘ beliefs and attitudes approximately play as a vehicle for larning Understanding how parents understand play-based course of study is important and wi ll add to the literature in many ways. In researching how parents understand play-based course of study this survey will lend to current literature available offering new thoughts Contributions to the Research Children ‘s drama has come under renewed onslaught. Inspired by my ain experiences as a preschool proprietor I hope to lend through this narrative instance survey assorted lived narratives of parents and how their beliefs and attitudes towards a play-based early childhood course of study have evolved. Since parents are the â€Å" clients † of early childhood plans, is it of import to understand their beliefs and attitudes. While there is plentifulness of research back uping play-based course of studies in the early childhood schoolroom, it is largely from the pedagogues ‘ and child ‘s position point, literature is missing in this country as it pertains to the parents, their ain beliefs and attitudes. While non meant to portray generalised information the rich descriptive narratives of these five parents will stand for the larger community. Mentality In chapter two of this research proposal, Literature Review, I describe the context in which preschool plans, play-based course of study, and parental picks have been studied in the yesteryear, and the deductions of research findings to current pattern. . The literature reappraisal is organized from the general to the particular, which means that a general overview of preschool plans is provided, followed by a treatment of the play-based course of study, and reasoning with parents pick. . In chapter three, Methodology, I further depict the usage of instance survey and the narrative enquiry attack to warrant the usage of such methods and design as proposed for this survey. The chapter besides provides the description of the research scene, the research sample, the informations assemblage process, information analysis, the timeline, and cogency and dependability concerns, every bit good as the awaited restrictions of the survey. The chief research inquiry every bit good as the back uping inquiries will be outlined in item as good within the chapter three. Chapter four, Findings, will pull on common subjects that exist within the participants narratives that describe their beliefs and attitudes towards an early childhood play-based course of study. The deductions this research has on informing the preschool community will be found within chapter five, the concluding chapter, Discussions and Implications.KeywordsPreschool Plans: refers to the pre-kindergarten plans that are geared towards fixing kids ages 2-5 old ages old for kindergarten. The plans offer assorted services for different age groups and follow different course of study theoretical accounts. In this survey, preschool plans refer to the scene and object of the research work. Curriculum Models: refers to an educational system that combines theory with pattern. A course of study theoretical account has a theory and cognition base that reflects a philosophical orientation and is supported, in changing grades, by kid development research and educational rating. The practical application of a course of study theoretical account includes guidelines on how to put up the physical environment, construction the activities, interact with kids and their households, and support staff members in their initial preparation and on-going execution of the plan. In this survey, the theoretical account used by the preschool plan is a play-based course of study. Play-based course of study: refers to the larning theoretical account based on developmentally appropriate drama. This theoretical account is child-centered ; it is based on kids ‘s involvement to guarantee maximized engagement, focal point, and acquisition. Developmentally appropriate patterns: patterns that are â€Å" designed for the age group served and implemented with attending to the demand and differences of the single kids enrolled † ( Bredekamp, 1998 p. 53 ) . In this survey, developmentally appropriate patterns refer to the instruction patterns of kindergarten instructors as manifested in their categories. Beliefs: refer to a set of thoughts or ideas that a individual finds of import or that influences his or her feelings, attitudes, and behaviour. Beliefs are subjective and can be measured by inquiring participants to clarify their ideas on a certain subject or issue. Attitudes: refer to a societal concept that is predetermined by a individual ‘s beliefs. If the belief is negative, so the attitude toward the issue or job is besides negative. Attitudes are associated with stereotypes of what is socially acceptable. Feelingss: refer to the affectional constituent of an person ‘s belief and attitude towards a certain issue or subject. Feelingss are associated with the personal experience and rating of the said issue. Understanding/Perception: refers to the entirety of the person ‘s beliefs, attitudes, and feelings towards a certain issue or subject.