Electrical and Electronics

This effect can be utilize to set up an galvanizing tycoon informant, such as the iodin draw in this paper. A drum roll disposed to a shaft spins in spite of appearance the magnetized field ofa U do magnet. Three conveniently knowing semiconducting dish aerials allow the galvanic load of the germ to be ply either with jump current or direct current. the loop topology terminals is sinusoidal with zero mean value (Fig. 2). Its frequency is equal to the number of revolutions per foster executed by the loop. Each terminal of the loop is connected to a metallic ring. The contacts with sound ar made by means of hardened brushes.If the brushes are onnected to an electrical load, an alternating(a) current will be established in the circuit. Keywords. Alternating Current, Direct Current, Generator, Magnetic Field, Induced Voltage. 1. Introduction Although versatile forms of energy ( robotic, thermal, chemical etc. ) can be converted into electrical energy, the expre ssion electric generator is reserved, in the industry, energy into electrical energy. The generators that r from for each one one direct current (DC) are called dynamos and the ones that produce alternating current (AC) are called alternators.The whatchamacallit described in this paper is a generator fitted of supplying an electrical load ith the desired type of current alternating current or direct current. s AC output signal realise 1. AC generator. 2. AC generator ruler of operation. Figure 1 embellishs the dominion of operation of an AC generator. A wire loop rotates within the magnetised field generated by a magnet, which take a craps an AC emf between the loop terminals. The periodic change of the voltage polarity is due to the change of the role of the coil relatively to the magnetic poles.The amplitude of the voltage depends on the magnetic field strength and is also directly proportional to the rotating speed 1, 2, 3, 4. If he magnetic field is uniform and the rotation speed is constant, the voltage generate between Figure 2. AC generator output. 3. DC generator principle of operation. The described AC generator may be transformed into a DC generator, substituting the contact rings by a mechanically skillful switch. As illustrated on Fig. 3, a simple switch may be done with a metal ring divided into two degage halves (segments), which are mounted in the axis.This type of commutator is denominated collector. segment of the collector. When the loop rotates, an AC voltage is generate in the coil, exactly as in the AC generator. But, before reaching the oad, the induced voltage is transformed into a DC voltage by the collector (Fig. 4), which works as a mechanical rectifier. The contact segments of the collector move to a different brush each half turn of the loop, keeping a unidirectional current silken through the electrical load of the circuit 1. The rotation speed has to be well determined so that the final result is the expected one. As state before, the rotation speed influences the induced voltage amplitude and frequency. U molded strong permanent magnet, shown in Fig. 6. The most challenging part to build was a contact rings and collector unit (Fig. 7). It was ade of terce printed circuit identity card disks, coaxially mounted on the rotating axis. The two smaller disks were unbroken with their entire conductive layer and were intended to supply the generated AC voltage. The conductive layer of the bigger disk was cut into two halves, in found to implement the collector, which mechanically rectifies the generated AC voltage.Figure 5. Coil with iron core. DC output Figure 3. DC generator. Figure 6. Permanent magnet used to induce a voltage in the coil. Figure 4. DC generator output. 4. Generator verbal description Instead of a simple loop, an iron core coil with 1241 turns of O,16mm2 varnish copper ire was used. The iron core and its windings are shown in Fig. 5. The magnetic field used to induce a volta ge between the coil terminals was provided by a Figure 7. Three coaxial printed circuit board disks with coil on top. 45 Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 illustrate how the rings and collector unit was built in a more all-round(prenominal) way.In Fig. 8, a cross-section of this unit is shown, revealing how electrical connections were made one terminal of the coil was connected to one of the smaller disks and to one of the halves of the larger disk (collector) the other terminal was connected to the other smaller disk and to the ther half of the larger one. Fig. 9 shows a panoramic view of the convention and the generator outputs responsible electrical load. In order to make the generator operate properly, the DC output brushes positions must be displaced by 1800 from each other.The AC output brushes may be placed anywhere on the respective disks. coil Copper wire Insulator Copper conjoin Figure 8. Connecting the coil to the three coaxial printed circuit board disks. power could be easily measur ed, some sort of mechanical power standard was needed and it was not available. There are always mechanical and electrical power losses in the process of ransforming mechanical energy into electric energy. Mechanical losses may be reduced by lubricating abrasion points. The generator was put to rotate at 3000RPM the measured induced voltage was 1,2V peak-topeak, with a 50Hz frequency. . Conclusions Spinning a wire loop within a uniform magnetic field in a convenient formulate induces a voltage between the loop terminals. Rotation speed influences the induced voltage amplitude and frequency. If an electrical load is connected to the loop terminals, a current will be established in the circuit. The current generated by a basic electrical generator is alternating current. If the generator s intended to supply direct current, it must have a device working as a mechanical rectifier the collector.A device capable of generating some(prenominal) AC voltage and DC voltage has been presen ted. A coil attached to a shaft spins within the magnetic field ofa U shaped magnet. Three conveniently designed conductive disks allow either with alternating current or direct current. This device is very useful to illustrate the principles of electrical energy generation. It also shows the main similarities and differences between AC and DC generators the working principle is the same for both machines, but the AC generator has contact rings and the DC enerator has a collector.