Violence In Films Essay -- essays research papers

What value does strength have in the movies? Well, I believe that violence has a place in movies depending on the particular film and what the director of the film is trying to portray. If the director uses violence in his/her film and there isnt each reason buttocks it, then I would disagree and say that violence shouldnt be in THAT particular film. But in a movie akin "Saving clandestine Ryan", Steven Spielburg replicates the actual events of D-Day on to the big screen by creating a violent-like scene to get the viewer of an understanding of what U.S. troops had to go through. In other films, we put one over violence used to test the human soul and to see if he/she/they could overcome trials and tribulations. In the film "Independence Day", priming was attacked "violently&quo... Violence In Films Essay -- essays research papers What place does violence have in the movies? Well, I believe that violence has a place in movies depending on t he particular film and what the director of the film is trying to portray. If the director uses violence in his/her film and there isnt any reason behind it, then I would disagree and say that violence shouldnt be in THAT particular film. But in a movie like "Saving Private Ryan", Steven Spielburg replicates the actual events of D-Day on to the big screen by creating a violent-like scene to get the viewer of an understanding of what U.S. troops had to go through. In other films, we see violence used to test the human soul and to see if he/she/they could overcome trials and tribulations. In the film "Independence Day", Earth was attacked "violently&quo...

Blaise Pascal :: essays research papers fc

The French mathematician, theologian, physicist and man-of-letters, Blaise protoactinium is a mathematician who has a reputation that rests more on what he might have got done rather than what he might have actually done. Pascal has devoted a considerable amount of his life towards the devotion of religious exercise. Blaise Pascal was born in Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne. Which is now known as Clermont-Ferrand, on June 19, 1623. And he died in Paris on Aug. 19, 1662. Pascal was the son of the president of the Court of Exchequer. by and by Pascals mother died in 1630 his father who also had a scientific reputation moved to Paris in 1631 to pursue his own scientific studies, and also to keep his childrens education. Pascal had displayed an exceptional amount of academic ability therefore he was kept at home to ensure his academic stability. Pascal had a natural desire for the science of constructing figures and determining the proportions between their different parts. He soon disco vered that the sum of the angles of a triangle is equal to two veracious angles. By the age of fourteen he was admitted to the weekly meetings of Roberval, Mersenne, Mydorge, and other French geometricians from which, ultimately, the French Academy sprung. At sixteen Pascal wrote an essay on conic section sections. Blaise Pascal with Pierre de Fermat, they invented the calculus of probabilities, which laid foundation for Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibnizs calculus. In 1647 Pascal invented calculating machine, which made him one of the fathers of the Computer Age. Later he developed the barometer, the hydraulic press, and the syringe. In 1653 he had to administer his fathers estate. Pascals other important scientific contributions include the derivation of Pascals law or principle, which states that fluids transmit pressures equally in all directions, and his investigations in the geometry of infinitesimals. Around this time he invented the arithmetical triangle, and in conjunction wit h Fermat created the calculus of probabilities. Pascal died at the age of 39 in intense pain later a malignant growth in his stomach spread to the brain. His most famous work is the Pensees (Thoughts) a set of deeply personal meditations in sensibly fragmented form on human suffering and faith in God. "Pascals wager" expresses the conviction that belief in God is rational if God does non exist, one stands to lose nothing by believing in him anyway, while if he does exist, one stands to lose everything by not believing.

Amish :: essays research papers

The Amish the Plain PeopleMy article is on the Amish Community and their vague and simplify way of life. Most of my essay will emphasize the culture and tradition of the Amish.According to the Pennsylvania, Dutch Country Welcome Center, The Amish be a religious concourse who live in the settlements in 22 states and in Ontario Canada. The oldest groups of old order Amish, about 16- to 18,000 live in Landcaster County PA. These people stress humility, family and separation from the rest of the world.The Amish are best known for their cultural simplicity such as riding horses and buggies as opposed to forbidden automobiles. They also shun electricity, by using advise lit lanterns, radio and any other modern electronics that will jeopardize delicate lifestyle. In this effort, their lives are quiet, slower, and religious to the unseen and unspoken media and scenery to opposed culture. However, instead the Amish get their messages across by telegram, daily journals, by foot or bicycl e as opposed to telephones. They have worship in their homes as well as church. Amish are trilingual, Pennsylvania Dutch, they pray in German and are taught Standard English in school. However, regarding the issue of school, The Amish do not reckon in school past the eight grade. For, the parents of these children are fearful that a full education will give these youths a more modern perceptivity and that will have some temptation to explore the unseen other world.The women and girls of this culture and religion will never have cut their hair, but assume it back in a bun. They wear plain fabric dresses reaching floor length, and wear a prayer in their hair indicating- white if married, fateful if single and no jewelry. As for the males and boys, dark colored suits, brim straw hats, long coats. They do not have mustaches and will grow beards after marriage.For the Amish, religion, family, and society are empirical. The Amish start seeking out marital spouses by the age of 16 and most women are married by the age 20 or so. However, before a marriage can take its proper place, the couple must be joined in at a church, and must be baptized into the Amish faith at about age 17, having followed the written laws known as ordnung. When the couple has established marital plans, they must keep it a privy(p) from their parents till the months of July or August.

Okonkwo as Epic Hero in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay

Okonkwo as larger-than-life Hero in Things Fall Apart Achebes work, Things Fall Apart, is an epic it resembles stories closely heroes found in many cultures. In these stories, the heroes are extraordinary individuals, whose careers and destinies are not theirs al cardinal, but are bound with the fortunes and destinies of their society. They become heroes by accomplishing great things for themselves and their communities, winning much fame as a result. Okonkwo fits this pattern. The first paragraph of Things Fall Apart is notable in this respect, for it describes Okonkwo as follows Okonkwo was well known throughout the nine villages and nonetheless beyond. His fame rested on solid personal achievements. As a young man of eighteen he had brought honour to his village by throwing Amalinze the Cat. Amalinze was the great grappling iron who for seven years was unbeaten, from Umuofia to Mbaino. He was called the Cat because his back would never touch the earth. It was this man tha t Okonkwo threw in a fight which the old man agreed was one of the fiercest since the founder of their town engaged a spirit of the wild for seven days and seven nights. (3) In an epic story, the hero undergoes many tests, which we can bump into as rites of passage. In Things Fall Apart, Okonkwo undergoes such tests, including the wrestling match with Amalinze the Cat, his struggle with the negative legacy of his father, and the struggle to succeed on his own. Praising heroes is a canonic function of epics. As ... ... Hopes and Impediments. New York Doubleday, 1989. Innes, C.L. Chinua Achebe. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1990. Nnolim, Charles E. Achebes Things Fall Apart An Igbo National Epic Modern Black Literature. ed. Okechukwu Mezu New York Black Academy Press, 1971, 55-60. Obiechina, Emmanuel. Narrative Proverbs in the African Novel, Research in African Literatures, 24, 4 (1993), 123-140. Okafor, Chinyere Grace. From the Heart of Masculinity Ogbodo-Uke Womens Mas king. Research in African Literatures, 25, 3 (1994), 7-17. Traore, Ousseynou. Matrical Approach to Things Fall Apart A Poetics of Epic and Mythic Paradigms. Approaches to Teaching Achebes Things Fall Apart. ed. Bernth Lindfors. New York MLA, 1991, 65-73.

The Name “Estella” in Great Expectations :: Great Expectations Essays

The Name Estella in Great Expectations The name of the characters in a Dickens novel, Great Expectations, is very important. In the strip of Estella, the name indicates her personality, her relation with other characters and even the way in which she moves along the novel. In Spanish, the word for star is estrella. Since Spanish is a romance language, estrella is undoubtedly derived from the Latin word for star. Stars are cold provided beautiful to see. The same is true for Estella she has a cold personality but she is very pretty. Estella was given to Miss Havisham at night - which is when stars appear. The first time Estella appears is in chapter 8, in the Pips first visit to Miss Havishams house. The first impression Pip has about Estella is in like manner characterized by ambiguity he thinks she is pretty but she is proud. Miss Havisham obliges Estella to play cards with Pip. The first time that the card game appears the battle of sexes occurs since, after her cross marria ge, Miss Havisham educates Estella to scorn men and in the card game Miss Havisham wants to see a victory of a woman over a man. Estella wins but the most important thing here is that Estella does not want to play with Pip because she thinks he is common. This shows the pride and the superiority in which Estella is presented in her relation to Pip, and its in addition important because, from this moment, Pip wants to be educated to be at the same level that Estella he hopes that he can reach out and touch a star. Stella (without the first e) is the name of Sydneys be cheatd. Probably he gave his beloved this name because she was married in the real life and so, he could not reach her. Stars are faraway away and they cannot be reached. In the novel, Estella is presented as an impossible dream for Pip. In the same way Pip has expectations in a material level, Estella would be Pips love expectation. In Christianity, the star is related to the Virgin Mary. Stars are also used for ori entation, to guide us at night. In the novel, Estella appears as a light, it is Pips orientation and he always has her in his mind. If we look at the sky we can see different kinds of stars.

The Name “Estella” in Great Expectations :: Great Expectations Essays

The Name Estella in Great Expectations The name of the characters in a Dickens novel, Great Expectations, is very important. In the case of Estella, the name indicates her constitution, her relation with other characters and even the way in which she moves along the novel. In Spanish, the word for mastermind is estrella. Since Spanish is a romance language, estrella is undoubtedly derived from the Latin word for star. Stars are cold but beautiful to see. The same is true for Estella she has a cold personality but she is very pretty. Estella was given to throw off Havisham at night - which is when stars appear. The first sequence Estella appears is in chapter 8, in the billets first visit to Miss Havishams house. The first impression Pip has about Estella is also characterized by ambiguity he thinks she is pretty but she is proud. Miss Havisham obliges Estella to play cards with Pip. The first time that the card game appears the battle of sexes occurs since, after her frustrat ed marriage, Miss Havisham educates Estella to scorn men and in the card game Miss Havisham wants to see a supremacy of a woman over a man. Estella wins but the most important thing here is that Estella does not want to play with Pip because she thinks he is common. This shows the haughtiness and the superiority in which Estella is presented in her relation to Pip, and its also important because, from this moment, Pip wants to be educated to be at the same level that Estella he hopes that he can reach out and touch a star. Stella (without the first e) is the name of Sydneys beloved. Probably he gave his beloved this name because she was married in the real vivification and so, he could not reach her. Stars are far away and they cannot be reached. In the novel, Estella is presented as an impossible dream for Pip. In the same way Pip has expectations in a material level, Estella would be Pips love expectation. In Christianity, the star is related to the Virgin Mary. Stars are also used for orientation, to guide us at night. In the novel, Estella appears as a light, it is Pips orientation and he always has her in his mind. If we look at the sky we can see different kinds of stars.

Life Skills for Personality Development

SKILLS ? What are skills? ? What is the difference between a skilled and unskilled someone? ? Why is it necessary to have skills? ? How does hotshot acquire skills? ? Why should the skills be enhanced? What are Skills? ? Skills are the learned capacity which helps us to do a task effectively. Skills are abilities to use know-how to get along tasks.Skills are acquired done practice and patience A skilled person uses less time, energy and resources to do a job and produces quality results Skills are gained through school/college, work experiences, hobbies, books, elders, peers etc Skills can be improved if we could identify, analyze and practice them. What are invigoration Skills? Life Skills are abilities for adaptive and positive behavior that change individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life (WHO) Adaptive means that a person should have the flexibility to adjust according to the situation.For positive behavior, a person needs to have posi tive thinking and look at opportunities even in difficult situations, in order to cope with the situation. . 10 Core Life Skills (WHO) ? Self Awareness ? efficient Communication ? Critical thinking ? Decision Making ? Coping with emotion ? Empathy ? Interpersonal Relationship ? yeasty thinking ? bother Solving ? Coping with emphasis Self-Awareness The ability to introspect, analyze and accept ones thoughts actions and feelings recognizing and acknowledging ones needs and desires. Ability to know our self Our Character, desires, likes, dislikes and our strengths and weaknesses. developing self-awareness can help us to recognize when we are stressed or feel under pressure. It is also often a prerequisite for effective discourse and interpersonal relations, as well as for developing empathy for others. Empathy ? Empathy is the ability to accept and understand others who are contrary from you. ? Empathy encourages a positive behaviour towards people in need of care and assistance . ? This skill works wonders when we apply it to our relationships with our loved ones, classmates, parents, friends, cousins and colleagues ?Finally it helps you to move closer to findings solutions, to resolve conflicts and enhance quality of life. Effective Communication ? Effective communication means that we are able to express ourselves, both verbally and nonverbally, in ways that are appropriate to our cultures and situations. ? Listening. ? Assertiveness. Interpersonal Relationship ? Initiate and note positive relationships and de -link unconstructive relationships. ? Interpersonal relationship skills help us to relate in positive ways with the people we interact with.. Critical thinkingAbility to analyze information, experiences, situations and caboodle etc in an objective manner and rationally. ? Recognizing and assessing factors influencing our attitude and behavior. ? It is not merely criticizing.? Making objective judgments around choices and risks. ? Critical thinki ng can contribute to health by helping us to recognize and assess the factors that influence attitudes and behaviour, such as values, peer pressure, and the media. Creative thinking Ability to ? Think differently and out of the corner ? Look beyond our direct experience? Respond adaptability ?Having flexibility to situations in daily life? Achieving the objectives in daily life situations Creative Thinking ? Creative thinking contributes to both last making and problem solving. ? It helps us to look beyond our direct experience, and even if no problem is identified, or no decision is to be made. ? can help us to respond adaptively and with flexibility to the situations of our daily lives. Problem Solving ? problem solving enables us to deal constructively with problems in our lives.? Significant problems that are left unresolved can cause mental stress and give rise to accompanying physical strain.Decision-making Ability to ? Choose the vanquish amongst the various alternatives o r options in many life situations ? Weigh the pros and cons of alternatives ? Accepting responsibility for consequences of the decision with confidence.? Decision making helps us to deal constructively with decisions about our lives. ? This can have consequences for health if young people actively make decisions about their actions in relation to health by assessing the different options, and what effects different decisions may have. Coping with Emotion ? Recognizing emotions in ourselves and others Being aware of how emotions influence behavior, ? Being able to respond to emotions appropriately. ? Intense emotions, like anger or affliction can have negative effects on our health if we do not react appropriately. Coping with Stress ? Coping with stress is about recognizing the sources of stress in our lives, ? Recognizing how this affects us, & ? Acting in ways that help to control our levels of stress by changing our environment or life style and learning how to unwind so that t ensions created by unavoidable stress do not give rise to health problems.

Ethical Issues in Marketing

TABLE OF CONTENT S. NO Particulars Page no 1. executive director SUMMARY 5 2. INTRODUCTIONETHICAL ISSUES IN MARKETING 6 3. FAMOUS CASES(UNETHICAL MARKETING PRACTICES) 9 4. PRIMARY STUDY 12 5. REPRESENTATION OF DATA 13 6. INTERPRETETION 23 7. RECCOMENDATION 24 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report outlines the concept of ethics in marketing and the famous lawsuits that generate emerged in the past regarding wrong marketing practices by line of reasoninges. hrough this report we have also tried to find out how sensitive atomic number 18 the common people to the issue of ethics in publicizings and how do they discriminate the con ten-spotts shown in the advertisements instantaneouslydays. For this purpose we had set downed a interpret amonga sample of 50 students of age group 20 to 24 yrs. The research tool used in the study was that of a questionnaire. The study reveals that while most of the people are sensitive to the issue of un transparent advertisements, there are al so a hardly a(prenominal) who believe that nothing much can be done in this respect and are a little ignorant towards such issues.They have been and allow for continue purchasing a brand even after perceiving its advertisement as wrong. Our recommendations to the companies that deal in such practices is that they should thrive to stick to their ethics and clean-living value and instead should concentrate on providing their customers with such services and proceedss that will add value to them and their lives. MARKETING AND ETHICS Marketing industry is a actually broad industry and also one of the core business functions that constantlyy business enterprise practices in order to effectively cater to the needs of the customers. arketing leading thrive to create the look and feel of a brand and to make strategies to engage and inform customers about the like. for this purpose the marketers are today use bring out ,electronic and social media as their vehicles,as these medium s are pervasive and their powerful forces shape attitudes and behavior in todays world. The reason for this is the tremendous growth and development in the field of study and Communication technologies.If yesterday it was television that revolutionized the way advertisements could create a lasting impact on the consumer, then today the internet and phone text messages are doing just the same. also , Rapid economic expansions in countries like China and India have meant that marketers have to quickly respond to the changing socio-economic scenarios. But at the same time these developments have destinen rise to a number of ethical issues. the globe is indeed becoming a smaller place but the marketers have to bear in mind national, local and cultural sensitivities.Very often, in the hope of capturing a wide-ranging share , marketers jump in new markets without charge in mind ethnic and social issues associated to certain areas. marketers today ignore and exploit the social sentimen ts and factors of the customer groups ,in order to maximise their pay and make truehearted bucks. this leads them to engage in wrong marketing practices. unethical marketing decisions can be made in following marketing areas * Supply chain * advertize * Pricing * Product Supply chain Only being an ethical caller-up is not sufficient.These days, leading brands are judged by the company they keep. Consumers, investors, business partners, regulators, and media governances now expect a company and its entire supply chain to be ethical. every company is a part of a supply chain since close to every company buys unfinished inputs provided by many other companies before refining them and passing the finished goods to the consumers. Supply-chain management is a strategic issue. It has an effect on a companys brand and it now concerns managers and board members. Excellent companies are the most ethical in their practices .Excellent companies lead on best practices. A business is tell to be having an unethical supply chain if any of the elements of its supply chain ie suppliers/contractors/distributers/sales agents are practising unethical practices like, use of child cut into or forced labour, production in sweatshops, violation of basic rights of workers, ignoring health safety and environmental standards. Advertising Advertising is the most important tool for marketers to crusade their products and to make the consumers aware about the same.Advertisements play an important role in inclining and attracting the potential customers towards the product. However nowdays advertisements are infra scrutiny for being unethical. unethical advertisements include misleading advertisements that make false claims, obscene /offensive and indecent ads that hurt religious or social sentiments of people. To sum up, some of the ethical issues in advertise are Vulgarity/obscenity Misleading advertisements and deception Puffery Stereotype Racial issuesFeature of unethical adv ertisement on television has been a vehement issue in the past days in our country,with the Advertising Standard Council of India receiving 777 complaints regarding 190 ads. it has been discussed later in the project and also a primary study has been conducted regarding the ethics in advertisements in our project. Pricing Pricing is a very important part of marketing mix and is a decision of strategic nature. a company has to do sufficient amount of analysis to decide on the priceof its product. ompanies can sometime deal in unethical and even illegal pricing. Unethical pricing practices cause customers to believe that the price they pay for some unit of value in a product or service is lower than it authentically is. This might also include making false price comparisons, providing misleading suggested selling prices, omitting important conditions of the sale, or making very low price offers addressable only when other items are purchased as well. other unethical pricing stratgi es include price discrimination,price skimming,price fixing.Product Several product-related issues raise questions about ethics in marketing, most often concerning the quality of products and services provided. Among the most frequently voiced complaints are ones about products that are unsafe, that are of poor quality in kink or content, that do not contain what is promoted, or that go out of style or become obsolete before they actually need replacing. An organization that markets poor-quality or unsafe products is taking the chance that it will develop a reputation for poor products or service.False or greatly exaggerated product or service claims are also deceptive. When packages are intentionally mislabeled as to contents, size, weight, or use information, that constitutes deceptive packaging. Selling hazardous or big products without disclosing the dangers, failing to perform promised services, and not honoring warranty obligations are also considered deception. Other produc t related issues include animal testing and manufacturing products that harm the ecology and environment and exploit the already scarce natural resources. FAMOUS CASESLOREAL (UNETHICAL ADVERTISEMENT AND PROMOTION STRATEGY) Loreal is amongst the biggest brand stirs in personal care and beauty products in the world with a huge line of products and brands under its umbrella ,operating in over 130 countries around the world. However this company has been in news tardily ,but for wrong reasons. The company has been time and again been accused of airbrushing its models in order to make them look fairer. The latest addition in its line of controversies is its advertisement that features Indian origin actress Freida Pinto.This ad has created controversies because of the fact that the actress appears to be airbrushed as her skin tone has been lightened . Earlier same controversy of airbrushing happenend when singer Beyonce featured in one of Loreals ad. The company is seemingly promoting fair skin tones as compared to dark skin tones and is inculcating a sense of insecurity amongst women around the world with regard to their complexion. another case of Loreals criticism over fakery in its ad is of year 2007. the company was condemned for producing misleading mascara adverts featuring Penelope Cruz.The TV and magazine advertisements claimed that women could have up to 60 per cent thirster eyelashes with its Telescopic mascara. But actually it was later revealed that Cruz was wearing false eyelashes in the ads for Telescopic, and the company was forced to include disclaimers during its advertisements making such issues clear. It is for these reasons that the company is viewed by activists as the face of modern consumerism a company that tested its cosmetics on animals, exploited the sexuality of women, and sold their products by making women feel insecure.Moreover, nose owned 26 percent of LOreal. Nestle was one of the most boycotted companies in the world for its alleged unethical business practices and aggressive onward motion of baby milk in maturation countries as discussed above. NIKE AND APPLE INC. (UNETHICAL SUPPLY CHAIN PRACTICE) Nike has been accused of having a history of usingsweatshops, a sweatshop is a operative environment or manufacturing centre where the working environment is considered to be dangerous and difficult because workers can be exposed to hazardous materials, harmful situations, extreme temperatures, and abuse from employers.Sweatshopworkers often work long days, sometimes exceeding 14 hours, and earn pay far below a living age. In 1990s ,Nikes suppliers in developing countries like indonesia,china and vietnam operated sweatshops in which the workers were made to work in hazardous conditions with minimal wages. this case is an ideal example of unethical supply chain in marketing. a brand as big and famous as Nike has been associated with unethical practise in this particular field of marketing. It was unbelieva ble and shocking on part of the people who were its loyal customers.The company initially denied all such accusitions and then in the year 2001 a very irresponsible statement was made by Nike director Tom McKean aphorism that the company cannot control what goes on around the world as they do not own these factories. Another famous company involved in a similar unethical practise is Apple Inc. in the year 2010 ,one of Apples suppliers in china was accused of using child stab. since companies are under immense pressure to find lowest cost providers ,they end up dealing with suppliers in developing countries like china ,where such unethical practises are common. o this Steve Jobs (Apple head) said that this was not merely Apples problem but a world problem with regard to priorities and a lack of enforcement by local agencies in various deneloping nations. Too many companies are turning blind eye towards their suppliers and end up being associated with unethical business practices. w hitethorn be this is the reason why Apple ,one of the most image conscious and credible company could not escape this trap. NESTLE (UNETHICAL AND IMMORAL PRODUCT ) Nestle a big name in FMCG industry ,has been involved in numerous unethical marketing practices.This company was highly criticed for its disregard for the health of infants shown by its irresponsible marketing of breast milk substitutes. it had been continously breaching the WHO code regulating the marketing of breast milk substitutes. it encouraged bottle feeding and carried on promotional and advertising activities for its baby foods by giving away free samples of baby milk to hospitals . also the company was accused of misinforming mothers and healthworkers during its promotions.It stated that malnourished mothers and mothers of twins and premature babies were futile to breastfeed ,despite health organisations claimimg that threre was no evidence to support such theory. Nestle advertised directly to mothers in over tw enty countries such as thailand and southwest africa. Also the baby foods/milk product were sold in the market without any health warning and even instuctions on the packaging an if present they were in an inappropriate language. Thus company violated the code regulating the marketing of baby milk formulas.According to WHO bottle fed babies are up to ten times more likely to develop gastro intestinal infections. Therefore this company till date is highly criticised for its unethical practice of immoral marketing and promotion of an unethical product. Other accusitions of the company include exploitation of workers at its Brazil chocolate plant including dicrimination of women workers and supporting brutal and repressive regimes MICROSOFT (PRODUCT BUNDLING CASE) Microsoft is a large diversified computer software manufacturer with one of the highest valuations in the world.Microsoft produces the Windows family of operating systems for personal computers and servers. It also produces applications software that run on the Windows family of operating systems, most notably the very successful MS- Office Suite. Almost all Microsoft products are complementary to a member of the Windows family of operating systems for personal computers and servers. United states Vs Microsoft was a civil march filed against Microsoft Corporation by United States Department Of Justice(DOJ).The allegation on Microsoft was that it abusedmonopolypower on Intel-based personal computers. The issue central to the case was that whether Microsoft should bundle its lucre Explorer web browser software with its Microsoft Windows Operating System. Bundling IE with the operating system was considered as a victory of Microsoft in the browsers war as all the Windows users had a copy of IE which had started restricting the sales of the other web browsers such as Netscape Navigator and Opera which were slow to download or had to b purchased at a store.Microsoft said that the bundling of IE with Windo ws was an innovation and the result of competiton and that now both were a same product. The opposition said that IE should not b bundled with Windows as a separate version of IE was available for Mac OS. They also countered that IE was actually not free with Windows as its development and marketing costs must have increased the price of Windows than what it might actually have been. This had put up a question that whether Microsoft was unethical in bundling its product or was it an innovation. Was it right to increase the sales by almost stopping the sales of others?The strategy which Microsoft adopted was not ethical as the others were suffering because of this and had no choice left before them. Hence what Microsoft did was against the ethics of the marketplace. RESEARCH STUDY (ADVERTISEMENTS AND ETHICS) In this project we have attempted to conduct a research concerning the publics opinion about the level of ethics in advertising. Through this study we want to address the problem of the level of ethics in advertisements nowadays and what is the peoples reaction and how sensitive they are towards the issue of ethics in advertising.For the purpose of this study, questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 50 students and were asked to give their honest opinion regarding this issue. DATA REPRESENTATION Q. Do Advertisement shows an accurate view of verity? Here , 15 people strongly dis consent with the situation that advertisement shows exact reality and 10 people are strongly agreeing and 10 are disagreeing with the situation which shows that every individual is having different opinion according to their thinking. Q. Do you think prevalent television advertisements promote materialism?In this out of 50 respondents , 27 respondents think that advertisements promote materialism while other 22 people think they dont Q. How do you view the level of ethics in general advertising? Q. Which off the following issues in general advertising would you consider bein g unethical ? A relatively mixed reaction is noticed in this answer. while majority believed that they perceived lack of presumption issue in advertisement as unethical. A good lot also believed that advertisements of cigrattes and alcoholic beverages were also unethical. Q.Mention a brand name in front of the product categories mention below ? Q Would you still buy the same brand of shoes if that company is dealing in wrong practices ? For e. g. child labor 43 of sample respondents said that they will not purchase a particular brand having be intimaten that the brand deals in unethical practise. Q. Have you ever decided not to buy a product or a service due to an advertisement that you perceived as unethical? 19 respondents said they have not purchased a product having perceived its advertisement as unethical while the majority continued purchasing .Q . Is it fine to use unethical practices to increase profitability of the company? Almost all the respondents believe that it is no t right for business houses to engage in unethical practices to maximise their profits. INTERPRETETION AND CONCLUSION The glance done through the distribution of questionnaires revealed following facts The students interviewed believe that advertisements today have a very unreal appeal to them and do not promote reality while there are a a couple of(prenominal) who also believe that advertisements present a true picture of the real world.The students also believe that advertisements do promote materialism but there was a mixed reaction when asked whether such promotion is ethical. However majority of the people failed to justify their answer and give valid reasons for the same. A huge number of them also think that advertisements do not promote materialism. Also peoples view regarding the level of ethics in the general advertisements was very generalised, for them ethcal level in advertisements is neither too high nor too low.As far as unethical advertisements are concerned, for a majority lot, advertisements which lack trust quotient and are highly exaggerated and misleading are the most unethical. While for others, advertisements promoting cans and alcoholic beverages are also unethical . When asked to name a brand that hit their minds instantaneously corosponding to the products shoes,deodorant,fainess cream and fluid phone, people had different brand names in their minds as their favourites (most of them being big names).In continuation of this question, respondents were asked if they would still purchase the same brand if they discovered that the brand was associated with unethical practices. To this their response was predictable as most of them refused while a few were not sure. Majority of the respondents have responded that they have decided not to buy a product ,if they have perceived its advertisement as unethical . this shows that a lot of people are sensitive to such issues and have expressed threir dissatisfaction by discontinuing their purc hase.While some of the respondents were ignorant and continued purchase. On the other great deal most of the respondents believe that it is not right for companies to compromise on their ethical values in order to achieve high profits. RECOMMENDATIONS Considering the high level of unethical issues that are emerging everyday, businesses need to realise that they have to find an alternate to unethical practices. They need to realise that unfair practicse may help them earn profits faster,but the profitability would not last for long .The consumers today are becoming highly aware and such issues cannot escape their knowledge. Thus it is better if companies should strive for using ethical marketing practices . they should Focus on providing good products with lots of benefits, and in this way they will be able to make their marketing honest and resistless for the customers. They shoiuld make sure there is always an exchange of value between two parties with their marketing efforts. Bus iness houses should keep in mind that business play should always be ethical. hey should be persuading a person to buy a product because they really need it, and when the companies are certain that this product will bring value into their lives. Ethical business practice is the ability to truly give somebody the power of choice, and not forcefully loading a product onto the customers, which they know in the back of their minds they will never have any use for. QUESTIONNAIRE NAME- AGE- Q1) Advertisement shows an accurate view of reality? a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Disagree d) Strongly disagree ) No opinion Q2) Do you think general television advertisements promote materialism? a) yes b) No c) Cant say Q3) if yes, do you perceive it as ethical or unethical and why? Q4) How do you view the level of ethics in general advertising? a) Very high b) High c) Average d) low e) Very low Q5) Which off the following issues in general advertising would you consider being unethical ? a) creati on of irrational desires , and needs b) comparative advertisement c) advertisement with lack of truth d) puffery ( increased value or attributes) e) alcoholic beverage advertisement ) cigarette and tobacco advertisement Q6) Mention a brand name in front of the product categories mention below ? a) shoes b) fairness cream c) deodrant d) mobile phone Q7) Would you still buy the same brand of shoes if that company is dealing in wrong practices ? for e. g child labour a) yes b) no c) lurch say Q8) Have you ever decided not to buy a product or a service due to an advertisement that you perceived as unethical? a) yes b) no Q 9) Is it fine to use unethical practices to increase profitability of the company ? a) Yes b) No c) Cant say

An Analysis of the Poetic Works of Emily Dickinson

?Belonging to a certain entity is the result of a position identity. Discuss.? The concept of belonging relates to the complex relationship of and individual, the natural populace, and the way in which they interact with the groups around them to form a sense of self. In this circumstance, the entity of experience or ideally, belonging to a group, is a product of the lineaments own identity which is exempli? ed through a sense of self. The collective poetic works of Emily Dickinson explores the facets of belonging connect to oneself, and the individual? s identity as part of nature? organism. This correlates directly with John G. Avildsen? s ? lm, ? The Power of One? , which explores and extrapolates the divergences of nature? s relevancy in modern ball club and philosophy as well as humanities inner workings.Finally, the discerning powers of William Golding? s ? Lord of the wing? is based upon the premise that indeed, a sense of self is achieved through the sublime power of n ature and the symbolic transition of social conditioning in which people conjoin in affinity by forming an identity. A sense of self is vital in all areas of belonging, and objecti? d, belonging is the process in which people undertake in discovering their capabilities through their friendship groups and their surroundings. The sublime power of nature links directly to an individual? s sense of self and uniformity amongst natural entities. In Emily Dickinson? s poem, ? This is my letter to the military personnel? , she describes bitterly the situational irony that despite her love and affection, the personi? ed Nature was unattainable, that never wrote to me. Dickinson used this self pittance, as well as the anthropomorphism of nature as cosmos a provocative of emotion, to portray herself as a servant to the divine.She uses caesura throughout her poetry to create an emotional pause, or periodic structure in her writing which effects the way the reader reacts to the text. As accor ding to her romanticist values, nature has a dichotomous relationship with man, whereby they feed off each otherwise equally and yet it is necessary to place it as a God-like ? gure. Hence the metonymy of Nature is created as an symbol derived from and allusion to Greek mythology, where the ? mother? is a symbol of nurturing and kindness, and ? suffer Nature? is the mother of all creation.In essence shelly creates a form of synesthesia in her lust of nature, portraying its features as being pleasing to the human tenderness A tender majesty. consequently Dickinson? s metaphorical and spiritual link to nature as an entity is caused by their mutual respect and she elicit therefore de? ne herself as having the identity of a classical romanticist. In concurrence with Dickinson? s view on nature, Peekay in ? The power of One? In a panorama devoid of the beauty of nature, Doc uses metaphorical language to depict and foreshadow Peekay? s future outlook on life. Whatever question you have, the answer can be found in nature. This evokes the presumption once again of a transcendentalist attitude which both Dickinson and Peekay shared, as it is through the indicative power of a sublime nature that they ? nd solace, stability, and reason. In Peekay? s older years he dictates an analogy, without the sun, the moon would be a dark circle but with cooperation, moonlight. In an allegorical manner, Peekay was metaphorically referring to the different races of the people in Africa and their potential to succeed as a unit, together, rather than racially segregated.In A closing scene in the ? lm, The three tribes stood separated at a cemetery, united by the death of a friend, yet they remained standing apart. The wide shot of the cemetery and dark open tone of the palette further exempli? ed the dreary emotional setting. Peekay stood in-between the people and thus acted as a symbol between the people, the spiritual world and the land, further amplifying his transcendentali st qualities ant the recurring motif of an individuals power and capabilities to evoke belonging amongst people and groups.The nature of humanity vindicates a sense of belonging that depicts the nature of a person, the way it changes, the way it corrupts. The persona in Emily Dickinson? s ? I had been hungry all these years experiences an allegorical hunger which link to Dickinson? s own exit to belong. During the progress of the poem a juxtaposition is observed between the persona at the start and the resultant character at the end. Dickinson? s use of asyndeton creates an emotional, broody pause which connotes an uneasy disposition in her mentality.It is apparent that the apprehension of her allegorical hunger creates a metaphorical con? ict between her wish to belong to society ? twas so unlike the crumb and nature? s dining room which was her accustomed way of life. To analyse further, this is her defending her romanticist values against the societal figure despite her desire to belong (the metaphorical meal) Dickinson concludes that the divine power of nature is hegemonic to the unnatural aesthetics of society and thus the change which took place in her psyche was added assurance that her cause was justi? d and therefore it strengthened her sense of self. Additionally, Ralph? s creation of the symbolic ? conch shell? in William Golding? s ? Lord of the Flies? is a creation of structure to the otherwise chaotic boys. It is the connotative foundation on which their tribal society is built upon. When the shell is broken and the boys descend into savagery, the island? s settings change accordingly. Therefore the individual? s sense of uniformity to an entity is created by a corrupted sense of righteousness.The boys slowly convert into murderers and Simon, the antagonist, sybolically ventures to the rocky, desolate side of the island of which early they would have never tread. This is part of their metaphorical desensitisement which happens gradually in th e text and as Ralph is the only active source of versimilitude, he remains on the sleek and ? happy? side of the island. It is human kinds nature to corrupt, and perhaps it was Golding? s intentions by using the all male cast, to allude to, and satirically mock the politcal turmoil of his context. By using young boys as characters he points out the ? ws in the political system, its nature to propagate from religion and emotion and into societal groups based on stature, wealth, and greed. Golding came from a time of not only political unrest, but war, and this story comments on the basis of human evil and that belong in fact, is objecti? ed as being he process of mate-ship, and the ability to compromise despite corruption. These abstract views on humanity in? ate reason as to why corruption has remained a problem in society over vast time frames. It is a product of human uncertainty and indecision.In summary, the process of being uniform and included in an environment is the process of conditioning, a relationship with the natural world, and also the hereditory trates in which people inherit that hinder and exonify their beings. All three texts produced in this essay imitate values which imply the need of a ? sense of self? in order to achieve betterment of mankind, or at least the identity of the individual. Thus in peroration, in order to achieve a sense of belonging in a physical or mental sense, it is a necessity for the persona to secure their identity regardless of idealogical or peer pressures.

Conventional Silver-Based Film Cameras vs Digital Cameras

Conventional silver-based film is still the recommended technology for evidentiary photography or for field applications. These television cameras stomach the mettlesomeest resolution possibilities as well as the highest dynamic range. They have the best color range and atomic number 18 the most flexible of the currently available camera technology options. Silver-based film is the most durable storage medium as well, and is more readily available than film or digital storage media (Guidelines). termination quality, or the sharpness of detail, is one of the most significant advantages of silver-based film. The extremely small sized silver crystals for this type of film allow silver-based film cameras to have a much higher resolution than digital cameras. 35mm camera negatives have an approximate resolution of 5500 x 3600 pixels, while digital cameras typically exclusively have a resolution of 640 x 480 pixels. That equates to only 1.6 percent of the information that is captur ed with a silver-based film camera being captured with a digital camera (Guidelines).There are disadvantages to victimisation this sort of camera, however. First is the need for a separate processing and printing facilities. In addition, in that respect is a relatively long processing beat twisting for silver-based film. Processing the film also creates environmentally hazardous byproducts, in addition the film prior to processing is sensitive to temperature and humidity changes, as well as x-rays. The most notable disadvantage is that there is no way for the photographer to evaluate the jut out immediately, unless instant film is manipulationd (Guidelines).Advantages and Disadvantages of Digital CamerasDigital cameras expand some distinct advantages over early(a) types of cameras. The foremost benefit they offer the user is the ability to view the image instantly and verify that image is on the dot what was wanted. In addition, the image can be transmitted or shared with i n truth few intermediate steps. Onsite image management as well as printing are added advantages, as well as more environmentally friendly media than film (Guidelines).The disadvantages of digital cameras, however, often outweigh its advantages. Digital cameras require batteries or alternate power supplies to operate. This means that there is a negative environmental impact, power must be converted, and a power supply must ever be available. Storage media, although becoming more readily available, is still not available universally. Acquiring an image may be interfered with by electromagnetic fields, and at a time an image is acquired it may go through an automatic compression, losing some of the detail. Digital camera hardware and software are not always compatible with other manufacturers and there is a need for increase technical support. Lastly, as technology evolves there may be an impact on the ability to access image files, when that file format becomes outdated (Guideline s).Advantages and Disadvantages of Video CamerasVideo cameras have become more and more popular with the advancements in technology. Video cameras allow for a real-time motion record and the recorder can immediately review the images captured to ensure they are what was desired. Like digital cameras, tv set cameras can transmit and disseminate images with very few steps in between and they are more environmentally friendly than silver-based film. One of the most significant advantages to video cameras is their ability to not only capture video imagery but also audio as well (Guidelines).Yet, there are disadvantages to this technology as well. Like digital cameras, video cameras require batteries or an alternate power supply, and these have a negative environmental impact and the availability of these affect whether or not the video camera can be used. Video camera storage media is also subject to damage due to electromagnetic fields, and analogous digital cameras, electromagnetic interference may affect image acquisition. Resolution on video cameras is less than either digital or silver-based film cameras and there is limited color fidelity. Add to these the take exception that handheld video cameras lack image stability and that the weight and portability of some equipment may prove to be a problem. High end digital video cameras are better resolution than analog cameras (Guidelines).Advantages and Disadvantages of Hybrid Imaging SystemsHybrid imaging arrangings combine silver-based film technology with digital technology. The advantages of this type of system is that there is less time to be spent in the darkroom and the camera maintains the high-quality film images. With this high quality, there is still the flexibility that comes with digital image processing. Just like digital cameras, images can easily be transferred electronically and can be analyzed electronically as well. This system also simplifies case-file management and can use a variety of o utput devices (Guidelines).There are disadvantages to this system, however. There is still a need for separate processing and printing facilities for the silver-based film, which includes the lengthy processing time and the environmentally hazardous byproducts. Just like a regular silver-based film camera, the preprocessed film is fragile and can be damaged by temperature, humidity and x-rays. And, it requires increased technical support, unlike a regular silver-based film camera (Guidelines).Personal Opinion on Which Camera is Best for abomination Scene PhotographyCrime scene photography requires clear pictures of specific detail that may not remain at the scene. For this reason, there is one feature that is absolutely mandatory when considering which camera is best suited for crime scene photography. The first is that the camera must have a high enough resolution to capture the important details of the images captured. This narrows the choices of the camera down to then, either the silver-based film camera or the hybrid imaging system.Of course when one considers the importance of ensuring that all crime scene facets are photographed adequately, it becomes clear that the ability to review an image instantaneously is a powerful benefit. With this ability, the photographer can ensure that he has captured exactly what he wants on film, without the danger of missing something that may not be able to be filmed later.For this reason, the hybrid imaging system appears to be the best choice. It not only allows for the high resolution necessary to capture important details, but allows the photographer instant access to the images he or she just took, so that they can verify that they captured everything they would like. Although this system does have the processing drawbacks of silver-based film, it also has the benefits of being able to transmit image files electronically, as well as the enhanced storage and filing.

A Cup of Hot Tea Essay

A cup Of Hot tea leaf leaf afternoon tea is a kind of drink. We get It from leaves. Now-a-days it Is popular drink in the world. where grows Tea grows well in the unsmooth places where rain water can not stand at all. It grows in Bangladesh, India, China and Japan. In Bangladesh it grows well in the hilly beas Sylhet and Chittagong. How grown Tree plants grow seeds. Seeds are shown in March seedlings are planted In rows five feet apart. They are regularly prunced and allowed to grow only four or five feet high.How gathered When tree lants are four years of age, leaves are plucked three or four times a year. The leaves are first dried in the sun and roested in fire. Thus the leaves are ready for use and sale. How prepared At firest water Is boiled in a pot. Tea leaves are put Into boiling water. After three or four minutes it Is poured into cups through a sieve. The suger and milk is mixed with it. Thus it becomes a good drink. usefulness Tea is a useful drink to us. Refreshes b ody and mind. Gives us energy to work.It also helps us o keep awake. Taking tea three times a day Is healthy for healt While gossiping with our friends and relatives we can not heardly think without a cup of hot tea. It brings a rude(a) mood of gossiping And In our country it is an important crop also. Demerites Tea is not always good for healt. Too much of it is bad for health. It kills our hunger. The Importance of tea In our national economy Is very great. It Conjunslon brings a good deal of foreign money every year. So we should take care of better turnout of tea.

Easter Egg Packaging Research Essay

Please take in only 1 response for each question by placing an X in the response you feel most comfortable with unless you ar told to withdraw more than 1 response. (1) What is your gender? Male Female (2) What age range do you retard in? Age range is measured in years. 0-16 17-21 22-30 31-40 41-50 51-59 60-64 65+ (3) What is your ethnicity? Please choose the ethnic minority group you feel you best fit in and the ethnic minority groups are measured in the Self Defined Ethnicity (SDE) codes. A1 Indian A2 Pakistani A3 BangladeshiA9 Any other Asian background B1 Caribbean B2 African B9 Any other Black background O1 Chinese O9 Any other ethnic group M1 albumin and Black Caribbean M2 White and Black African M3 White and Asian M9 Any other mixed background W1 British W2 Irish W9 Any other white background (4) Do you like Easter egg? Yes No (5) Do you shop for Easter Eggs? Yes No (6) What is your current occupation? (7) What is your current annual salary? Please state your current an nual salary by using the British currency of pounds (i ).(8) How much are you most like to spend on your Easter Eggs? Please work the British currency of pounds (i ) for the spending of Easter eggs. i 0. 01 i 2. 99 i 3. 00 i 4. 99 i 5. 00 i 6. 99 i 7. 00 + (9) Where are you most likely to shop for your Easter Eggs? If necessary, please select more than iodine option. Tesco Asda Sainsburys Morrisons Netto Iceland Lidl Aldi Somerfield M&S John Lewis Waitrose Thorntons WH Smith separate (Please specify below) (10) What Easter egg Company are you most likely to buy?If necessary, please select more than one option. Cadburys Nestle Kraft Masterfoods Lindt Other (Please Specify Below) (11) For your Easter egg, which chocolate do you most prefer? If necessary, please select more than one option. White cocoa Dark Chocolate Milk Chocolate Other (Please Specify Below) (12) What do you like with your egg in the Easter egg box? If necessary, please select more than one option. Novelties C hocolate Bars Toys Sweets Other (Please Specify Below) (13) For your Easter Egg Box, which theme do you prefer?If necessary, please select more than one option. TV & Film Comedy Cartoon Anime Sports Gaming Action Adventure Music Modern Classical Retro Jesus & Old Other (Please Specify Below) What do you look for when buying an Easter Egg Box? If necessary, please select more than one option. Blue Pink Red gilded Primary Colours Other (Please Specify Below) Small Medium Large What shape do you prefer for your Easter egg box? If necessary, please select more than one option. Cube Cuboid Spherical Pyramid Hemi-Spherical Cylinder Cone Other (Please Specify Below)

Knowledge and bias

Today in hi score and scientific discipline there is a lot of different persuade that eject be seen through with(predicate) everyday life. The question that I am trying to answer is if we can bring forth knowledge despite bias and endurance in chronicle and science. on that point atomic number 18 three mall types of bias that we can see In nowadayss world, firstly there Is cultural bias which has to do with blabs relating to culture, religion and personal practices and wherefore there Is confirmation bias which is when someone is trying to prove a point and ignores all evidence which old contradict him.Both these types of bias can be found in history, however also in science there is the second type of bias when a scientist has an hypothesis and does experiments, selecting data which proves his idea. Despite what battalion say about endurance, it is proven that selection helps us cut down all the knowledge that we obtained, otherwise there would be too much to decompose and Interpret at the same time. If all the huge amounts of knowledge were to be used there would be too much and it would defer us from the truth. ashesBoth history and science since the beginning of time have contributed to help us a lot to develop both socially, frugalally and politically. History has taught us about the past and what must not be repeated in the future. Science on the other hand has managed to explain the way the world full treatment and turn up us new technologies that have helped us for many years. However in both Science and history there will still everlastingly be someone that will contradict another persons point of view. It is for these many reasons that bias and selection are constantly present in our world today.In story there Is bias through deferent interpretations of documents and sources and In Science there Is selection when a scientist follows one specific method and doesnt History today, as I said before, is often based on cultural bias which can mostly be seen through political, religious and moral views that may contradict all(prenominal) other. When Historians write new interpretations on history they do not all have the same cultural background or the same sources, so in general they all have different points of views that will obviously not be agreed on.In science we may question some experiments as we do not know if the scientist used the scoop out possible method nor do we know if he used the best materials and variables to conduct his experiment and find the best possible result in the end. History is the study of evidence we have of the past and it is based on human affairs. However history has always been passed on from generation to generation by documents and recording.But when we think about this idea we may feel that the randomness that is passed from generation to generation cannot be totally reliable as we do not know for certain if the truth is ally stated in the documents or if the person who wrote the account Just wanted to censor the entropy to hide personal facts about certain events. History without bias and selection is hard to find as sources are already based on a certain point of view and we can only observe what that particular person believes.It is for this reason that so many books have been written in history as if there was no bias or selection we could Just write one big book with the same point of view. The bias in history can be double because we have the point of view of the witness and then the as of the historian. The worst about this idea is that it can genuinely distort the facts so that we dont know what to believe. When referring to selection in history, it all depends on the historians analyzing different sources, he may have national or cultural bias that influenced his understanding.Some historians might believe one point of view whereas another one may believe the opposite. Selection is history is inevitable and a lot depends on what the historian has learnt in his life before he chooses the best possible sources. As for example if a historian learnt since the ginning of his life that communism was the best economic system, he will base his knowledge on what he has known for his whole life and be very critical of capitalism. How can we trust sources that we are not sure they are giving us real facts?In history there have always been hidden documents and hidden agendas in collection to keep a country under control. On the other hand there is an argument that states that knowledge in history can be obtain despite bias and selection because history is about people and so if we know about their point of view, we know more about why travel happened and hoe people felt at that time. This is important but we have to be careful and try our best to find sources that show both sides of the information researched, it also important to know the cultural bias of a historian before we believe totally what he says.If we look at science to day it has helped us a lot in the world as it has developed technology which has made our lives a lot easier. When referring to selection in science we get that each time a new experiment is conducted the results may change a little. It is for that reason that scientist use specific methods, variables and materials in order to get almost the same results each time. It is in this idea that we see selection as scientists are forced to choose specific methods, variables and materials.But how can the scientist know that the methods he is utilize are the most efficient ones? In science topic bias can be seen as money from research. For example in Science the holes in the ozone layer have been a trend for many years in which scientists have told the people of the world to use more renewable energy. But how can we be sure that using renewable energy will really help us? Science is constantly changing due to new technologies that enlighten experiments less selective and give a less bias ed point of view.It is in this idea that we can say that technology is the key to developing science and being more sure of the knowledge we get from it. For example a scientist from European background may have different interpretations of results in comparison with the scientist from Saudi Arabia due to their religious beliefs and cultural background. Conclusion In conclusion I believe that science and history are both very important in human development and I believe that even with bias and selection we are able to attain knowledge..I believe that in history bias and selection cannot be ignored, and that they are a very important part of understanding the human and emotional side of what happened. However in science bias and selection will decrease when more technologies are developed in order to decrease this bias and selection, which will let scientists, conduct their experiments, and repeat them systematically to show they are free of bias.

Shangri-La Hotel and Resort

pic Prep argond By Yee Shan (Sarah) CHUNG, Yan Sin (Jessy) LI, Kim Sang (Anson) HO, Kit Yat (Donald) Thai Table of Contents 1. debut3 2. Summary of Macro Environment4 3. Summary of exertion Analysis8 4. Summary of Internal Analysis12 5. Gap Analysis14 6. Recommendations22 7. Appendices26 8. References52 1. Introduction Since the p atomic consider 18nt company, the Kuok Group, is open in 1949 and until 1979 the home-gr proclaim nirvana Hotel, Singapore, was unmortgageded its doors in 1971 and it was opened under the valet de chambre datement of westward International Hotels.However, promised land International Hotel Management Ltd was founded in 1982 and from that time until now, Shangri- La endeavoured through countless(prenominal) challenged from the Asiatic financial crisis to the outbreak of SARS in 2003 and a lot of different challenges, Shangri- La Hotels and Resorts (SLHR) recently was foreboded and located its properties premier city addresses and around of the w orlds roughly exotic destinations across Asia, Middle East, North the States and Europe. As of 2006, SLHR was the humongousst Asian based deluxe hotel group in Southeast Asia.The company managed a do of 50 hotels under three soils the five-star Shangri-La, the four-star Traders and Kerry with total inventory of everywhere 23000 way of lifes across 39 locatings. Furtherto a great extent, SLHR too join the stock trade of Hong Kong, Malaysia and Thailand. As of SLHR mission statement To delight our guests every time by creating engaging experiences straight from our heart, SLHR also produce unsanded inter division specialization such as Chinese theory spas which named the Chi in most of its establishment.The success of SLHR does not stop on that point expanding its mart or out jumpth their inventory, but the management always concern its competitors who apprise bring the founder growth and attend to base on SLHRs mavins. SLHR management also requires having st pas s judgmentgies for long term manoeuverning the organization. The bring forth of this strategic compend report is to pretend vision for organization in future by identifying and analysing the major macro-surroundal trends which believe the major issues ask to the future growth of SLHR.The report also quickly examines the five forces at bottom the application psychoanalysis to rough idea the current effectiveness of the constancy and also based on evidences to expect the future returns susceptibility of SLHR. Besides, to create the advantage competitive of SLHR, all of internal operations in term of resources and capabilities could inspect. Moreover, to come an overall the difference among the desired situation and the actual situation of SLHR, a gap analysis ordain be point out for bringing all analysis to guideher and base on this analysis gap, organization go out mystify an overall difference.Lastly, it is definitely not negligent in this report pass on be a list of recommendations which help formulating for SLHR in relation to strive to greater its seat in all commercializes in the future. 2. Summary of Macro Environment Macro environment or PESTE analysis is the first step in creating the Environmental Analysis. The macro environment examines the general clientele climate as it relates to the organisation, but the organisation has nothing to do with it. It has an continue to form Shangri-La Hotels by four different factors, such as Political or Legal, scotch, Socio-cultural, Technology and Environmental.These four factors had been analysed in the appendage 1, which is based on the Shangri-La over the world. The globular economic has to a greater extent than negative factors that feign the Hotels, world(a) Financial Crisis nowadays is one of the big issues for most of the industries around the world, as it leads recession which leave alone affect the finance of the countries or industries. Because of the Global Financial Crisi s, the unemployment rate of some countries is still increasing in the line of descent of 2012, such as Euro Area increased to 11%, Italy increased to 10. 0%, Spain and Greece has increased over 20%, but some of the countries be decrease such as Japan, Thailand, Turkey and Hong Kong(Trade Economic, 2012). The unemployment rate is increasing because of the damage of effort is increasing as substantially which the current financial situation is not technical lavish to support. People be more concern on footing or become price photosensitive now because of global financial crisis, as they go out think the product is worth with the listed price or not.Some of the countries had proclaimed Carbon Tax scheme which will affect the hotels, as every organisations take in to honorarium a certain amount for the carbon that they produced. These negative factors may leads the guests r bely go travel and propitiate in hotels because they go for less income, as the net income of Sha ngri-La Hotels Group had decreased to $253. 0 cardinal (Bloomberg problem Week, 2012). However, the Gross Domestic crop around the world is increasing while the inflation is decreasing in most of the countries. Same as the Economic factors, the Political also has more negative factors impact the hotels.Over 90% of the countries had established a legislation of minimum wages, the legislation is to prevent the employers when there is the intense market competition and they in commit to save be, at the same time the wages of the employees are uneffective to regard their basic needs. On the recent course of instructions, there are some conflict occurs amidst nations, for example, there was two attackers rammed a border post with a rubbish truck and threw two grenades, and then attacked policemen with knives in Kashgar, Beijing and a roadside bomb explosion in Diwaniyah.The most recent hotel bombing is the Marriott capital of In through with(p)sia bombing in 2009 because of ter rorism which leads at least 9 people killed and 50 people injured. For a hotel chain as Shangri-La, the properties are everywhere in the world, they need to prevent and consider about the locations political issues before or after they take over or establish a rude(a) Shangri-La. On the former(a) hand, some nations accept a legislation to see the people own arms or guns. But when the numbers of arms holding increase, the country and properties need to increase the risk as healthful (Shah, 2011).By having legislation of arms controlling is inviolable for Shangri-La. As in 21st Century, everything is creation extravagantly technology which means there are scores of freshly technology products invested and announced into the market such as 3D televisions and surrounding audio systems. When those products had announced to public, the guests may expect the hotels will have one of these products in house. Most of the technology factors are neither positive nor negative impact fo r Shangri-La, as the number of the internet users is increasing rapidly every year, more or less everyone will have at least one computer and smartphone.When most people have at least one technology product, some of the companies will down produce some up-to-date communication softwares and some new applications will announce to the amicableity. By the time when the number of internet users is increasing rapidly, Shangri-La can take advantages from that, as they can do merchandising via internet, especially the social networks (e. g. Facebook, Twitter, Myspace). The guests can book a room via their official website or some travel agents website, and Shangri-La can announce the latest news on their official website and social networks for the guests to read.For the manufacture, the socio-cultural has average impact. As the population in the world is increasing which is good for all the industries, there are more consumers to consume their products. But at the same time, the fluct uating death rate is increasing which is the age population is increasing as well, because the medical technology has been improving year by year, the people will have longer life than the past. Most of the people will expect a better whole step of life, such as for living and for travelling, they would like to have good experience on everything, especially on travelling and accommodation.Multi-cultural is a good for the job as well, because Shangri-La can accompany the culture and develops a different experience for the guests, for example, in India, Shangri-La can design an Indian style hotel to cater and adopt the environment to attract the guests to retard in. However, because of different culture and the religion of the culture, they need to understand and get cognise about these before they establish the hotel in a country or city. In addition, there are several environmental issues that affect the assiduity, for example, pictorial disasters will occur in some countries such as Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunamis and Hurricanes.Nowadays, natural disasters had become more serious and more often, because of the climate change within a tenner and global warming, ozone depletion are caused primarily by increases in greenhouse gases as Carbon Dioxide. Due to the natural disasters and the global warming, the lands will be destroyed and lead land shortage. Land shortage will influence Shangri-La as there is no enough land for it to build new hotels, it can exact them could not expand their business.While they building new hotels or running existed hotels, pollutions will be produced, for example, building new hotels will produce lots of dust and the lighting of running existed hotels as the light will open 24hours 7days. On the other hand, 3Rs policy has been announced as Reduce, Reuse and Recycle, the government encourages people to reuse and recycle the products that they used. According to Lincoln (2007) Shangri-La have a wide of environmentally friendly measures such as fitting all guestrooms with peeing saving device in taps and showers as well as using susceptibility-saving lamps in more than half of the groups guestrooms.For saving energy and resources, Shangri-La has variety of methods, as by rainwater harvesting, hot water labor using solar panels or arouse pumps and improvements in building envelope design to slim down heat loss or heat thread up as well as air filtration. Shangri-La also has several methods to reduce the greenhouse gases, such as through actual systems and processes, the use of new technologies and substitute energy sources and by building more efficient buildings. In summary, the luxury hotel industry has opportunities and brats associated with the macro environment. in that respect is variety of positive, balanced and negative trends.There are still opportunities for reasonable growth in this industry despite the threats. 3. Summary of attention Analysis Industry environment has a more direct effect on the firms strategic scrap and ability to earn above-average return as discriminate to the general environment (Misangyl et. al, 2006). Hitt et. al (2011, p. 51) mention Industry analysis will be using the five forces model of competition such as the threats be by new entrants, the power of fork overrs, the power of buyers, product substitutes, and the intensity of arguing among competitors to understand the profitability voltage within the industry.The strength and interaction of the five competitive forces are what influence profit potentiality. This section will discuss about the industry analysis of hotel industry and a more detailed analysis can be seen in Appendix2. The threat of entrants in the hotel industry is not significant which leads to heights up industry profitability. New entrants need to have sufficient amount of budget in order to build and run the hotel such as require substantial upfront coronation in building, specialized equipment, infrastr ucture and staffs.Products and service are easy to replicate in hotel industry, therefore, brand indistinguishability is the differentiator in the hotels. It is difficult for new entrants to gain access to the capital requirements needed to develop and build hotel. The industrys incumbents have established relationships and experience, which enables them to achieve significant embody savings. In addition to brand devotion and be the new entrants must also contend with the probability of retaliation from the established hotels. The xisting businesses in the industry have a high school degree of absolute comprise advantages as they have reinforced good relationship and cartel between the suppliers and customers. The number of suppliers to the hotel industry is extremely high. The types of suppliers for hotels include construction suppliers, monopoly suppliers such as electricity, gas and water, furniture suppliers, linen and bedding suppliers, food suppliers, decor suppliers, appliance suppliers, uniform suppliers and most importantly then staffs. The suppliers have median(a) poting power which will affect the attractiveness and profitability of the industry.There is high tautness of suppliers. However, the majority of hotels have regional contracts with suppliers. This locks the hotel companies into using certain suppliers and creates switching costs. The brashness world sold to the industry is important to the new materials sources suppliers and equipment manufacturers because hotels will purchase in bulk to operate the business. Contracted suppliers costs and employees costs are high because they are needed to work for the operation of the business. These suppliers have high dicker power.However, they are unable to bargain and will make close to their crush offer at the first opportunity in order to gain profit for their business. Differentiation of outputs from suppliers is necessary to deliver transaction in order to be more profitable in th e industry. Hotels and resorts are part of the accommodation in the lodging industry. Rooms are passing perishable products. There are other options to stay when the customers are away from home such as apartments, condos, cabins and town houses. Buyers have high bargaining power in choosing the accommodation that they would like to stay.Hotels can create differentiation strategy to add valuate to attract customers such as dealing with the pricing strategy, good customer services and let up-to-date technology in the hotels. However, there is high concentration of buyers intercourse to the industry. There is very little threat of half-witted consolidation from the consumer due to the high costs of start up in the hotel industry. Hence, when the buyers have medium to high bargaining power, then the industry profitability will be menial. Substitutes to the hotel industry have a high level of power which leads to kickoff industry profitability.There are a lot of substitutes in t he industry. Leisure customers have more alternatives when they travel overseas as well as business customers, they can plan whether to fly to a city in order to have meetings. Nowadays due to the advance technology invented, Internet helps the business people a lot. Business man can do video-conferencing in their own country without flying to other country. This helps the business to save a lot of coin. In regards to leisure customers, they have more choices to choose such as staying in dress shop hotels, motels, apartments, camping, cruise ships and even caravan.Substitutes gave greater power. The substitutes can provide similar services and products and providing better value for property which make economic sense for buyers to switch. The intensity of rivalry in the industry is medium to high which leads to impoverished industry profitability. Hotel industry is in mature stage, there is no industry growth. With the increase of competitors such as the refinement of luxury Asi an brand Mandarin Oriental, it makes it difficult for the hotels in the industry to maximize its profit by strengthening its occupancy rates.The high cost of building, furnishing and servicing the hotels in the industry create high fixed costs and high exit barriers. This increases rivalry as they need to maximize profits to have significant returns on investment. It makes it difficult to withd bare-ass from the industry and has to compete with other existing rivals. The level of vicissitude among the companies is medium because the majority of the hotels provide similar types of high character service. Due to this reason, it is easy for buyers to switch from one competitors product to another.While there is great rivalry in this industry, there are opportunities for expansion into national and international markets. Moreover, there are many another(prenominal) stakeholders involved and large dollar investments, thus, it involves high inscription from every members in the organ isation. Overall, analysis of the five forces in hotel industry found out that hotel industrys attractiveness is rated as medium-low in terms of the potential to earn adequate or superior returns.It is considered as a partly unattractive industry because it has low entry barriers, medium to strong bargaining beat of suppliers and buyers, strong competitive threats from product substitutes and intense rivalry among competitors. 4. Summary of Internal Analysis Internal analysis is an analysis about the organisation itself, it finds out organisation resources and capabilities to create value to customers and identify area of weaknesses to be addressed by future strategic and evaluate core competencies (Evans, Campbell and Stonehouse, 2003).Acknowledging those resources and capabilities can understand company face and competitive advantage to achieve superior performance and profitability by strategic (Hill and Jones, 2012). Resources Tangible enlightenment group comprises 110 hotels and resorts throughout Asia Pacific, North America, the Middle East and Europe. In future development more than 20 hotels and resorts will be built in variety countries. Revenue has ontogenesis up nearly a quarter from 2009 to 2010, US $1,729 million to US 2,145 million.But, Share of profit of associates of hotel operation total is 15. 0, and billet rentals total is 47. 7. Intangible Shangri-la group has great reputation in public, goodwill value is US $84,504,000 in 2010, because create green image to public, Sustainability is umbrella brand which has several action to reduce energy consumption, waste water and carbon dioxide emission. It shows the low turnover rate, this is because company pays respects, cares and aware their employee and provide work-life balance computer class to move staffs to work productively and efficiently.Capabilities It has strong human resource capabilities which is compare to others hotel property, the staff turnover rate is low, Shangri-la provide a series training to staff ensure reach service concurrence that ensure meet the expectation of service quality, so this is the competitive advantage. The distribution channels are potently developed, it has several internet distribution channels, e-commerce is the best way to deliver and cause information nowadays.However, the product differentiation, merchandise and management are not strong enough to be core competencies. 5. Gap Analysis Macro-environment Business Strategy Gaps Trend Date of daze Business Strategy match or Mismatch Economic Growth in Asia 1-5 years gather Currently Shangri-La group is focusing on growing the (especially in China) market in China. Euro economic crisis 1-5 years Match Europe is not an essential market segment for the Shangri-La group and does not have big influence on the hotel financial performance Increasing value of Chinese Now and ongoing Mismatch As the exchange rate of RMB is acquire higher, tourists RMBs prefer going to other Asian countries while China is the main market for Shangri-La Green Awareness Now and ongoing Match Shangri-La really makes an effort on sustainability, creating a green organisation image to the public and gaining goodwill from that. Use of Technology Now and ongoing Match Shangri-La occurs significant resources on network promoting, for example customer can book a room through Shangri-Las Facebook Diminishing Target Demographic 3-5 years Mismatch Even Shangri-La group has other brands like Traders and Segment Kerry, but the target market is also focusing on up-scale market. Industry Environment Business Strategy Gaps Industry Environment Element Opportunity of menace operation on Industry Profitability Business Strategy Consistency or Inconsistency Suppliers Natural medium Consistent Buyers Threat High Consistent Threats of New Entrants Opportunity High Limited Consistency Substitutes Threat High Limited Consistency Rivalry Threat High C onsistent Government Opportunity and threat Various by Location Some Consistency Complementors Opportunity Low Limited Consistency let out Competitor Business Strategy Gaps Competitor Physical dirts Decision Making Values ECONOMIC operator Recession shun Global Finance Crisis, strike down money discreetly (Shah, 2010). goodly & Service Tax, spend more money in good (Kalia, 2010). Negative Some of the countries had announced Carbon Tax which increase expense (World News Australia, 2012). Negative Gross Domestic Product is increasing which stimulate people spend in hospitality (The Economist Online, 2011). substantiating People are more concern on price due to Global Financial Crisis Negative High Labour cost, especially in China grow up rapidly fast. The inflation in most of the countries are decreasing , China still growing so fast (Global- reckons. com, 2012) Negative The unemployment rate in most of th e countries are decreasing (Trading Economics, 2012) Positive Negative (China) Positive Overall Negative POLITICAL/LEGAL FACTOR Around 90% of countries had established a legislation of minimum Negative wages that increase labour cost extremely (Herr and Kazandziska, 2011). Conflict between nations, it is not safety for travelling that Negative influence hospitality industry (Global Conflict Map. com, 2011)( The World Bank, 2011). weapons system control in some nations, limit import and export goods (Shah Positive 2012).For instance, North Korea has strict control rules in hospitality industry. Overall Negative TECHNOLOGICAL FACTOR Growth of Internet with fast broadband can assists consumers to Positive search for rooms uncommitted via websites. They can make reservations easily which help the costs of industrys marketing activities. Communication software or technology improved every year such as Positive Facebook and Twitter are Social Medias for marketing. Many new technology products announced into the market, energy Positive saving light reduce pollution. For example, the installation of solar energy system in hotels which can help saving the budget of the company. Overall Positive SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTOR Fluctuating Death Rate which mean age Population is increasing Negative (Population Reference Bureau, 2011). Expectations of service quality. Consumers now expect to get intangible experience and want to be recognized by the employees. Negative As long as the industry keep up the standards with what the customers are expecting then it will bring positive effect to the industry. The number of population is increasing over the world it increases the workforce and potential customer (Rosenberg, 2011). Positive Multi-culture around the world, get knowledge and technique exchange. Positive Overall Balance ENVIRONM ENTAL FACTOR Greater awareness in global warming issues is a concern.Energy Negative consumption needs to be considered to reduce greenhouse gas. The most cost-effective greenhouse gas reductions can be made by using existing low technology in building insulation, lighting, air-conditioning and water heating systems and electricity standby (Enkvist et. al, 2007), (Fenger and Tjell, 2009). Climate change (Shah, 2012) & Global Warming (National Geographic, 2012). For example, mountainous areas reduce snow wield and winter tourism southern areas decrease summertime tourism period. Negative Water use management, reduce water use is a long-term strategic. (Queensland Government, 2012) screw up disposal management, Use filters in deep fryers to extend the life of cooking oil or deal to driver(Lincoln, 2007) Indoor air quality, more countries forbid smoking in indoor than Positive last decade(Lincoln, 2007) 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Re cycle) reduce waste cost in daily operation. For instance, use mugs to instead of disposable cups (USA Positive Recycling rapidity Service, 2012) Some countries may need to face the natural disasters, e. g. Earthquake, Tsunami, and Hurricane (Shah, 2011). Negative Land Shortage in nations, less land available, so the cost of land is become expensive. For example, rise around 9% of the total Positive property price, since 2001 in Australia (Hopkins, 2012),(Asia for Educators, 2009), (Your Investment Property, 2012). Negative Negative Overall Negative 2. Industry Analysis Forces Issues Impact Threats of new Economies of scale ordinary entrants New entrants need to have a certain large-scale production and huge finance because hotel industry requires substantial upfront investment in building, specialized equipment, infrastructure and staffs. lesser lodges will find it difficult to enter to the industry and compete w ith Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts because it requires large investment, however, the other known brands hotels such as Marriot International, Hyatt and Hilton might find it easier to build new hotels. Proprietary product differences Medium Product differentiation in hotel industry is low. It is congenerly easy to replicate differentiation such as the products and services. each hotels and resort can provide rooms that meet the demands of the customers and also train their staffs well to provide individualised service. However, Shangri-La Hotels and Resort have built good brand and reputation thus, it is the differentiator to compete with other new competitors. Brand identity Low Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts have built a good brand image in the mind of customers. Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts is already the leader in Asia (Dogan, 2010). They have established high product differentiation and brand loyalty.Other new brand hotels that want to come into the industry, they have to spend lots of costs to attract the customers to be competitive advantage. Buyer/customer switching costs Medium It is wide and easy for customers to switch costs. Customers can be easily attracted to different hotels that offer more value for money, or affordable prices. Due to the presence of Internet, customers will search and compare the hotels price via websites. Loyalty program can prevent the guests from switching costs. Capital requirements Low High capital requirement is required for new entrants even though the competitors plan to do franchise, merger and acquisition, there is still high investment costs involved such as costs of inventories, high risk and law return situation and marketing activities. Hubbard & Beamish (2011, p. 76) state New entrants with good ideas but without finance are unable to break into the industry. Access to distribution Low New entrants may have limited sources to access s uch as raw materials and distribution channels, as existing hotels have regular customers and partners. Absolute cost advantages Low The existing businesses in the industry have a high degree of absolute cost advantages.They have built good relationship and trust between each others already establish hotels experience, favourable raw materials, advertisement expenses and favourable location. Thus, it is hard for new entrants to enter into the industry because there is low level of trust and familiarity with the suppliers. Government policy High Depends on the countrys regulations, government has the opportunity to set many restraints in the industry or encourage and facilitate the development of hotels. Expected retaliation High vengeance is expected as existing hotels will low down price and promotes some packages to attract customers. erratic and differentiated products by diversifying it can therefore persist the retaliation. boilersuit R ATING LOW MEDIUM dicker power of Differentiation of inputs Medium supplier Suppliers input is crucial to the final product. Good quality of the products and services provided by the suppliers will create a good outcome.Hence, it will have to wage increase the economy of the business. Hotels in the industry are the buyers and the producers of inputs that are the suppliers (Buffett & Munger, n. d). There are many suppliers involve in hotel industry such as The construction companies tend to have a particular strong position when it comes to the hotel owner who would like to build a hotel. Thus, it strengthens the power of being a supplier. Monopoly suppliers who control electricity, gas and water supplies have high bargaining power. Hotels need to spend lots of money in the operational costs. Hotels need to buy Property Management System and Point of Sales to help the effectiveness of business operation. Hotels also need to buy amenities product s, chemical products and raw materials for catering. Moreover, it needs to spend money on aliment and servicing the equipments.If the hotels are locked into a contract, then the power of suppliers will be cut back, they cannot increase the prices when they want to. Hotels are in the service industry. Hence, it needs people to provide exceptional services to the customers. High education and good experience employees will have higher bargaining power. They may negotiate the wages that they would like to receive and they think is reasonable before working with the hotels. Hotel customers are fragmented. Hence, as a supplier to the customers, the argaining power is low because there are substitutes that the customers can choose such as Marriott International Hotels and Hilton Hotels. Switching costs of suppliers and firms in the industry Medium Suppliers have power if there are few firms supplying the product or if there is no reasonable substitut e for it (VBulletin Solutions, 2012). However in large hotel chains, many things are done by signing contract legally. Legal costs may increase if one party is not working as per contract listed. Thus, the switching cost is low. Supplier concentration relative to industry concentration Medium There are high concentration of suppliers to choose from for Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts. Therefore, the suppliers have lesser power. grandeur of volume to suppliers Low The volume being sold to the industry is important to the raw materials sources suppliers and equipment manufacturers because Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts will purchase in bulk to operate the business.Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts have a great deal of power over the suppliers when purchasing raw materials sources and equipments. damage relative to total purchases in the industry High Supplier cost is a huge part of the total cost. Contracted suppliers costs and employees costs are high b ecause they are needed to work for the operation of the business. Suppliers retain the power. Information about suppliers product Medium Hotels are highly aware of the quality of the products they purchase such as raw materials, equipments and even labour sources. Hotels will not take the risks to change the suppliers before they did research and compare the market price among the suppliers industries. Supplier profitability Low Hotel industry has higher profitability as compare to the supplier industry.Suppliers will be unable to bargain and they will make close to their best offer at the first opportunity in order to gain profit for their business. Decision makers incentives Medium Hotels need to motivate their employees by giving incentives in order for them to provide good service to the customers. Hotels will do promotional packages when it is in low season to attract more customers to stay in the hotel. Threat of forward integration Hig h Suppliers can sell their products via Internet and even to the supermarkets. They have the power to enter the industry (Hubbard & Beamish, 2011). OVERALL RATING MEDIUM Bargaining power of Differentiation of outputs High buyers Customers determine the profitability of the hotels business by choosing which one they would like to stay with, they have high bargaining power to choose.Hotels create differentiation strategy to add value to attract customers such as Customers place products and pricing strategy at first. For instance, the hotels should plan for low price strategy during low season or include complimentary goods for customers. Staffs provide good quality of service. Good geographic location which convenience the guests. Good atmosphere of the rooms and restaurants. go out service for disable such as have disabled rooms in the hotels which located in the first floor to convenient the handicapped people. Switching costs of buyers Hig h Shangri-La Hotel and Resorts have created a loyalty program named Golden Circle to attract existing customers by earning points and then the customers can ransomed for hotel stays, dining or spa experiences at anyShangri-La hotel, resort, Traders hotel or Kerry hotel (Shangri-La International Hotel Management, 2012).Thus, this group of customers will most likely be repeat customers and choose to experience services from Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts. There are low switching costs for customers. Presence of substitute outputs High There is an important level of the industrys output has to the buyer. Hotels and resorts are part of the accommodation in the lodging industry. There are other options to stay when the customers are away from home such as apartments, condos, cabins and town houses (CarrHallCastle, 2012). Industry concentration relative to buyer concentration Medium Low Tourism industry is growing rapidly and the demand of hotels for cus tomers increased. Travellers are highly concentrated relative to the industry, thus, the buyers do not have lots of bargaining power. Importance of volume to buyers High Large volumes of customers are expected to stay in the hotels because they are the main source of income for hotels to pose profit.For example, tour operators, who book thousands of customers into hotels, have a strong bargaining position and can demand lower prices from hotels. Rooms are perishable, thus, hotels must try to meet the occupancy level. Buyers have more bargaining power. Cost relative to total buyer purchases Medium Corporate customers might invest large amount of money into the hotels when there is conference happens. They will reserve lots of rooms and meeting rooms. Therefore, they have more bargaining power. Buyer information about the industry output High Customers can survey on the best firms that offer great services. They can have service from the trav el agents, corporate travel consultants, internet and words of mouth to determine where they can get the services that they would like to experience. Positive words of mouth will build good reputation and image to the hotel whereas bad words of mouth will badly impact the business of the hotel. Buyer Profitability High Customers have the freedom to choose which property they would like to stay in and dine for. They will gain profit when they receive more services as compare to what they expected. They are still holding high bargaining power. Decision makers incentives Low When there is a large group coming to stay in the hotel, hotel will provide a discount price. Threat of backward integration Low It is impossible for individual customer to enter the hotel industry due to large investment required. OVERALL RATING MEDIUM HIGH Power of substitutes Relative price/performance of substitutes High Hotelmule (2008) states unvarying developments in technology keep changing the potential threat from substitute products.Technological advancements in the internet make the overall market to be more efficient and at the same time expanding the size of the potential market and create new substitution threats. For example, video-conferencing has been used instead of holding a conference in hotel. Business customers tend to travel lesser. The substitutes for lodging such as camping, hostels and motels, the invention of cruise ships and trains causes travellers to have alternative choice when travelling to another country. Switching costs High It is easy for buyers to switch costs, thus, the substitutes have greater power. Buyer propensity to substitute High Substitute products or services will be a threat. Capon (2008, p. 63) states This can be achieved by the substitute being equally good and cheaper, or by it being equal on price, but offering a better product or more added value.When other lo dges such as apartments, condos, cabins and town houses providing similar or equally good function and providing better value for money, it may make economic sense for the buyers to switch. OVERALL RATING HIGH Intensity of industry Industry growth rate High rivalry There is no industry growth. The hotel industry is in mature stage. Severe industry rivalry occurs. High fixed costs High The high cost of building, furnishing and servicing the hotels in the industry create high fixed costs. This increases rivalry as they need to maximise profits to have significant returns on investment. Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts must sell more rooms to cover those costs and increase hotel market competition. Hence, it makes it difficult to withdraw from the industry and has to compete with other existing rivals. sporadic overcapacity Medium Due to there are a lot of competitors in the market, there might be a lot of rooms that are available and cannot be sold out. Product differences High There are no product differences because majority of hotels provide similar types of high quality service. Products and services in hotels are easy to imitate.It is difficult to reduce the rivalry through the differentiation of the products and services. Brand identity Medium-High Brand is important because through branding, a business can stand out of the crowd. People remember the organization and will choose to go to the well-known hotels as it can heighten the level of self compliments and be part of the social group. Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts have developed their brand name and are well known in worldwide. However, other hotel groups such as Marriott International and Starwood have great brand identity as well. Switching costs High It is easy for buyers to switch from one competitors product to another industry rivalry will be increased (Hubbard & Beamish, 2011). Thus, Shangri-La Hotels and Reso rts create a loyalty program named Golden Circle to retain their customers. Informational complexity Medium-High Consumers can look at rooms available in different hotels and compare prices online. Internet will have information about the price and service differences. Furthermore, some hotel websites provide virtual tours which introduce the guests about the real experience spending time in the hotels. There are also lots of travel websites such as trip advisor which provide guests review about the hotels. Information is readily available on the Internet. Thus, industry rivalry is enhanced. Concentration and balance High Cline (n. d) mentions Hospitality customers increasingly seek predictable services that support their ability to move quickly and easily around the world. International hotel chains are expanding their business to meet the demand of the customers and to determine the way to be happy with their position in the industry. Hence, rivalry will be significant. Diversity of competitors Medium The level of diversity among hotels is medium because majority of the hotels provide similar types of high quality service. However, some hotels like Marriott International it diversifies its business into planning and organizing wedding events for the couple who would like to marry. Marriott provides free assistance from certified wedding planners and help with everything from selecting centrepieces to